Comparative thermodynamic study and phase equilibria of the Bi–Ga–Sn ternary system

Abstract

Abstract The results of a comparative thermodynamic investigation of the Bi – Ga – Sn system, giving experimentally obtained results and calculated thermodynamic data, are presented in this paper. Oelsen calorimetry was performed for the experimental determination of thermodynamic properties in the section with a molar ratio of Bi: Sn = 1: 3, while the Redlich – Kister – Muggianu method was applied for thermodynamic predicting in the sections with molar ratio Bi: Sn = 1: 3, 1: 1, 3: 1. Thermodynamic parameters – partial and integral molar quantities, as well as gallium activities, were determined at the temperatures of 873 and 973 K. Phase equilibria in the Bi – Ga – Sn ternary system have been studied experimentally – using differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-rays, while the calculation of phase diagram was done according to the CALPHAD method. The phase diagram of the section with molar ratio of Bi: Sn = 1: 3 is given, as well as the phase diagram of the ternary Bi – Ga – Sn system at 373 K.