Abstract
Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt) is one of the most important diseases of bread wheat globally. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have provided opportunities to analyse the complete transcriptomes of the host as well as pathogen for studying differential gene expression during infection. Pathogen induced differential gene expression was characterized in a near isogenic line carrying leaf rust resistance gene Lr57 and susceptible recipient genotype WL711. RNA samples were collected at five different time points 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post inoculation (HPI) with Pt 77-5. A total of 3020 transcripts were differentially expressed with 1458 and 2692 transcripts in WL711 and WL711+Lr57, respectively. The highest number of differentially expressed transcripts was detected at 12 HPI. Functional categorization using Blast2GO classified the genes into biological processes, molecular function and cellular components. WL711+Lr57 showed much higher number of differentially expressed nucleotide binding and leucine rich repeat genes and expressed more protein kinases and pathogenesis related proteins such as chitinases, glucanases and other PR proteins as compared to susceptible genotype. Pathway annotation with KEGG categorized genes into 13 major classes with carbohydrate metabolism being the most prominent followed by amino acid, secondary metabolites, and nucleotide metabolism. Gene co-expression network analysis identified four and eight clusters of highly correlated genes in WL711 and WL711+Lr57, respectively. Comparative analysis of the differentially expressed transcripts led to the identification of some transcripts which were specifically expressed only in WL711+Lr57. It was apparent from the whole transcriptome sequencing that the resistance gene Lr57 directed the expression of different genes involved in building the resistance response in the host to combat invading pathogen. The RNAseq data and differentially expressed transcripts identified in present study is a genomic resource which can be used for further studying the host pathogen interaction for Lr57 and wheat transcriptome in general.
Highlights
Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt) is one of the most important diseases of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) causing significant yield losses in almost all the wheat growing regions globally
We identified a total of 16,100 transcripts belonging to Puccinia and other microorganisms, which were removed from the analysis
Signal transduction played a key role in regulating the plant defense by stimulating the various signaling pathways
Summary
Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt) is one of the most important diseases of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) causing significant yield losses in almost all the wheat growing regions globally. Leaf rust epidemics sometimes cause significant yield losses (Kolmer et al, 2007). About 60–70% infection on the flag leaf at spike emergence can cause 30% yield losses whereas infections at earlier plant stages can account to 50% yield losses (Huerta-Espino et al, 2011). Numerous genes involved in the wheat-P. triticina response have been identified. More than 76 genes for leaf rust have been cataloged so far and Lr1, Lr10, Lr21, Lr34, and Lr67 have been isolated and characterized through map based cloning approach (McIntosh et al, 2013; Bansal et al, 2017)
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