Abstract
The Article presents the results of the experimental research and numerical analysis of a compression ignition (CI) engine adapted for running on dual fuels of different composition (diesel and natural gas, diesel and biogas, biodiesel and natural gas, and biodiesel and biogas). The main goal was to find out the impact of different dual fuels on energy performance and emissions depending on the start of injection (SOI) of diesel and the crank angle degree (CAD). Pure conventional diesel fuel and second generation hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) (Neste) was used in the research. Natural gas contained 97 vol. % of methane. Biogas (biomethane) was simulated using a methane and carbon dioxide blend consisting of 60 vol. % of methane and 40 vol. % of carbon dioxide. Dual (liquid and gaseous) fuels were used in the tests, with the energy share of liquid fuels accounting for 40% and gas for 60%. The research results have shown that having replaced conventional diesel fuel with dual fuel, engine’s BTE declined by 11.9–16.5%. The use of methane in the dual fuel blend reduced CO2 volumetric fraction in the exhaust gases by 17–20%, while biomethane increased CO2 volumetric fraction by 10–14%. Dual fuel significantly increased CO and HC emissions, but NOx volumetric fraction decreased by 67–82% and smoke by 23–39%. The numerical analysis of the combustion process revealed changes in the ROHR (Rate of Heat Release) that affected engine efficiency and exhaust emissions was done by AVL (Anstalt für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen List) BOOST program.
Highlights
The use of biogas over recent decades has been considered an intermediate step in the present oil industry shifting towards the production of alternative fuels
The aim of the research was to find the change in energy and environmental parameters of a compression ignition engine having used the dual fuel power system and with the engine running on different fuels: diesel–natural gas, diesel–biogas, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO)–natural gas, and HVO–biogas and when changing start of injection (SOI)
Having conducted the experimental and numerical modelling research of a compression ignition (CI) engine (VH = 1986 cm3, n = 2000 rpm, MB = 45 Nm, and SOI = 6 crank angle degree (CAD) BTDC) and after replacing conventional diesel (D) with a dual fuel (D, HVO–M, or BM) where gas energy amounts for 60% of fuel mixture, the following conclusions can be made: 1
Summary
The use of biogas over recent decades has been considered an intermediate step in the present oil industry shifting towards the production of alternative fuels. The aim of the European Union to strengthen research initiatives has become a trend in the pursuit of promoting the use of biogas in industry and for public needs [1], and the development of biogas production has spread across. Europe since the end of the last century This has been encouraged by the transposition of European. There has been a shift in the reasoning behind biogas production from energy independence, bio-manure, and slurry processing to green energy resource production in order to reduce CO2 emissions [2,3]. With its annual theoretical biogas output of 73.6 billion m3 is one of the countries developing biogas production the fastest [4], while Indonesia can generate about 9597.4 billion m3 of biowaste per year alone [5]
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