Abstract
Background: The current research seeks to present a comparative study of the effect of filgrastim and pegfilgrastim in the treatment of fever and neutropenia in leukemia patients.
 Materials and Methods: The present study is a blind randomized clinical trial. The study population is comprised of 120 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were admitted to the hospital due to mild febrile neutropenia during 2019. Included patients were divided into two groups. Filgrastim (10 micrograms/ kilogram, daily subcutaneously) and pegfilgrastim (100 micrograms per kilogram of a subcutaneous dose) were used for groups, respectively. Fever monitored every 6 hours, and neutrophil count was performed every 48 hours. The questionnaire designed in the study included age, type of drug side effects, number of days of neutropenia, and fever cessation time. Then, the data were analyzed by SPSS software.
 Result: Leukemic children with fever and neutropenia (N=120) were included in the study, which was 59 (49.1%) male and 61 (50.9%) female by the mean age of 79±44 months. The mean days of neutropenia correction in the filgrastim and pegfilgrastim groups were 5 and 4 days, respectively, which was not significantly different (p =0.08). There was no correlation between patients’ complications and types of treatments (p>0.05). Muscular pain was the most common complication observed among 4 cases and 1 case following filgrastim and pegfilgrastim administration, respectively. Furthermore, hyperleukocytosis following pegfilgrastim consumption was observed in two cases.
 Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between the duration until the cessation of fever and the number of neutropenia days in the two groups receiving pegfilgrastim and filgrastim. Therefore, the fever and neutropenia improve with pegfilgrastim earlier than filgrastim; besides, fewer injections, patient comfort, and less musculoskeletal pain can be observed.
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