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Abstract
Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidative activity of fruit pulp, seed and bark of T. bellerica.
 Methods: Methanol (70%) and water were used for the extraction, and the respective extracts were analyzed for total phenolic contents along with the antioxidant activities through different assays.
 Results: Amongst the tested extracts, methanolic extracts were found to be better than aqueous with the highest total phenolic contents (TPC). Methanolic fruit pulp showed lower IC50 for free radical (118.7 µg/ml), superoxide anion radical (77.65 µg/ml) and hydroxyl radical (73.76 µg/ml) scavenging activities. Methanolic fruit pulp also showed lower IC50 for lipid peroxidation (115.6 µg/ml) and ferric thiocyanate (184.98 µg/ml) assay than aqueous extracts in comparison to standard quercetin. Further, correlation between TPC and antioxidant studies revealed that phenolics are mainly responsible for antioxidant activity of T. bellerica.
 Conclusion: The current study suggests that the methanolic extract of T. bellerica could be a potential source of natural antioxidants for food and pharmaceutical companies.
Highlights
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause severe damage to the normal cells of the body
The highest value of total phenolic contents (TPC) was present in methanolic fruit pulp (MEFP) (127.60 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE)) followed by MES (108.58 mg/g GAE) and MEB (98.68 mg/g GAE) which signifies its high antioxidant activity than aqueous extracts
Methanolic and aqueous extracts of Terminalia bellerica (TB) were examined for their potential to scavenge free radical (FR) and measured as percentage inhibition (PI)
Summary
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause severe damage to the normal cells of the body. This damage can be to the DNA, proteins and other macromolecules. Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between antioxidant systems and the production of oxidants (ROS), seems to be associated with many multifactorial diseases especially cancers, cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory disorders [1, 2]. The mechanism of action of many synthetic antioxidants involves free radical (FR) scavenging property, which protects against oxidative damage but has adverse side effects [3]. There is increased interest among phytotherapy researchers to use medicinal plants with antioxidant activity for protection against oxidative stress
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