Comparative Study on Major and Trace Mineral Content of Edible and Eggshell Powders from Ethiopian Local and Exotic Breed Chicken Eggs

doi:10.7176/cper/64-01

Abstract

In this study, the effect on the mineral content of eggs from local and exotic breed hens was investigated. For this study, random samples were collected from the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center, and Fresh Corner Poultry Farming Debrezeite, Ethiopia for the exotic and local breed eggs respectively. Eggshells and edible portion of the egg were analyzed for Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Phosphors (P), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), and Copper (Cu) contents. The Phosphors and Zinc contents of the edible egg portion were higher in the local breed eggs than in exotic breed eggs. Calcium and Magnesium content of the eggshell was higher in local breed eggs while Zn content showed a marked decrease. As far as Potassium, Magnesium, Sodium Phosphors, and Copper values were concerned, these did not differ between the eggs from local and exotic breed types. The present finding provides sizeable differences in mineral content between the eggs from the local and exotic breed hens. The results afford a point of departure measurements of major and trace mineral contents of eggs and suggest quantifiable differences amid eggs from hens in different husbandry systems, and hens breed types. The physiological significance of those differences is discussed. But, future studies should elucidate differences observed by crossbreed types, diet effect, and husbandry system. Drying eggs can be a workable food systems intervention that can mend the wellbeing and eminence of diets in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Keywords: Egg, Hen, Mineral Content, Local breed, Exotic breed, Food System, Low-income DOI: 10.7176/CPER/64-01 Publication date: January 31 st 2022

Highlights

The knowledge on the inorganic composition of local and crossbreed chicken eggs is exceedingly compulsory for different dedications; these take account of the guesstimate of accumulation of venomous species from the intensive and extensive hen rearing systems (Pappas et al, 2006), the protagonist of egg composition for embryonic development (Surai, 2002) and the contribution of egg composition in human nutrition (Pappas et al, 2006)
No significant differences between egg powders for oven-dried, local and exotic breed eggs were observed for magnesium, potassium, sodium, and phosphorus
While for the oven-dried whole egg only calcium was significantly higher in the egg powder for local than exotic breed at P < 0.05

Summary

Introduction

The knowledge on the inorganic composition of local and crossbreed chicken eggs is exceedingly compulsory for different dedications; these take account of the guesstimate of accumulation of venomous species from the intensive and extensive hen rearing systems (Pappas et al, 2006), the protagonist of egg composition for embryonic development (Surai, 2002) and the contribution of egg composition in human nutrition (Pappas et al, 2006). In Ethiopia context, eggs are recognized by nonprofessional consumers in the class of; ‘i) the smaller eggs with deep-yellow colored yolk known as Habesha (local) egg, and; ii) the larger eggs with lighter yellow yolk known as Ferengi eggs and obtained from imported breeds (exotic) egg’ (Abreha et al, 2021). Despite this differentiation and consumer preference for the local breed egg, petite information exists about the difference in the nutritional and techno-functional composition of these two egg types, and how they are impacted by drying techniques and breed type variation. Such information is timely and can inform food systems’ interventions that aim to improve the adoption of healthy diets

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