Abstract
“Long-Dan” and “Qin-Jiao” are two important TCM herbs since ancient times in China. In the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the dried roots and rhizomes of four species from the genus Gentiana, e.g. Gentiana manshurica, G. scabra, G. triflora and G. rigescens, are recorded under the name of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma (“Long-Dan” in Chinese), while the other four species from the same genus including G. macrophylla, G. crassicaulis, G. straminea and G. duhurica are recorded and used as the raw materials of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (“Qin-Jiao” in Chinese). On the basis of the establishment of a validated HPLC–UV method for quantifying simultaneously, five iridoid glycosides, e.g. loganic acid (1), swertiamarinin (2), gentiopicroside (3), sweroside (4) and 2′-(o,m-dihydroxybenzyl)sweroside (5) have been used successfully as chemical markers for the comparison of the species used as “Long-Dan”, “Qin-Jiao” and their adulterants in the present study. The results suggested that four iridoid glycosides 1–4 commonly existed in both “Long-Dan” and “Qin-Jiao”, while 2′-(o,m-dihydroxybenzyl)sweroside (5) also existed as one of the major components in “Dian-Long-Dan” species. Moreover, the contents of compounds 1–5 were various in different “Long-Dan” and “Qin-Jiao” species. Herein, we profiled and compared three “Long-Dan” species, four “Qin-Jiao” species and five adulterants by applying multivariate statistical techniques to their HPLC data sets to establish the differences and/or similarities.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13659-014-0039-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Fang-Fang Liu and Yan-Ming Wang have contributed to this study.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.In China, ‘‘Long-Dan’’ is typically used for protecting liver [1], and is commonly used for curing inflammation, hepatitis, rheumatism, cholecystitis and tuberculosis as a wellknown traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herb [2].F.-F
Five iridoid glycosides were identified as loganic acid (1), swertiamarinin (2), gentiopicroside (3), sweroside (4) and 20-(o,m-dihydroxybenzyl)sweroside (5) (Fig. 1), through the comparisons of retention time and UV absorption with the standards under the same HPLC conditions (Fig. 2)
A validated HPLC–UV method for simultaneously quantifying of five iridoid glycosides, e.g. loganic acid (1), swertiamarinin (2), gentiopicroside (3), sweroside (4) and 20-(o,m-dihydroxybenzyl)sweroside (5), in ‘‘Long-Dan’’, ‘‘Qin-Jiao’’ and their adulterants was established in the present study
Summary
Fang-Fang Liu and Yan-Ming Wang have contributed to this study.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13659-014-0039-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.In China, ‘‘Long-Dan’’ is typically used for protecting liver [1], and is commonly used for curing inflammation, hepatitis, rheumatism, cholecystitis and tuberculosis as a wellknown traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herb [2].F.-F. Fang-Fang Liu and Yan-Ming Wang have contributed to this study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13659-014-0039-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. In China, ‘‘Long-Dan’’ is typically used for protecting liver [1], and is commonly used for curing inflammation, hepatitis, rheumatism, cholecystitis and tuberculosis as a wellknown traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herb [2]. Liu Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China. Wang University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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