Abstract
This work aims to determine how the temperature gradient orientation affects the heat exchange between two superposed fluid layers separated by zero wall thickness. The finite volume method (FVM) has been developed to solve the governing equations of both fluid layers. To achieve the coupling between the two layers, the heat flow continuity with the no-slip condition at the interface was adopted. The lower part of the space is filled with a nanofluid while the upper part is filled with a pure fluid layer. We have explored two cases of temperature gradient orientation: parallel gradient to gravity forces of our system and perpendicular gradient to gravity forces. We took a set of parameters, Ri and ϕ, to see their influence on the thermal and hydrodynamic fields as well as the heat exchange rate between the two layers. The main applications of this study related to biological systems such as the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm are phase-separated solutions, which can be useful as models for membranelles organelles and can serve as a cooling system application using heat exchange. The Richardson number and the volume of nanosolid particles have a big impact on the rate of change of heat transmission. When a thermal gradient is perpendicular to gravity forces, total heat transmission improves with increasing solid volume percentage, but when the thermal gradient is parallel to gravity forces, overall heat transfer decreases significantly.
Highlights
The convective flow and heat transfer in the presence of two different fluids has been a major subject of intensive r2esearch over the years due to its applications that include fields as diverse as convection of the earth’s mantle [1,2,3], solar energy collectors, storage tanks, crystal growth [4,5,6,7], and many other geological, chemical, and astrophysical systems
We looked at two different temperature gradient orientations: parallel to our system’s gravity forces and perpendicular to gravity forces
We examined the impact of a set of factors called Richardson number and volume percentage of nanoparticles on the thermal and hydrodynamic fields, as well as the heat exchange rate between the two layers
Summary
The convective flow and heat transfer in the presence of two different fluids has been a major subject of intensive r2esearch over the years due to its applications that include fields as diverse as convection of the earth’s mantle [1,2,3], solar energy collectors, storage tanks, crystal growth [4,5,6,7], and many other geological, chemical, and astrophysical systems. Some works on the heat transfer phenomenon with the presence of two fluids separated by a conductive wall can be found in the scientific literature Among these works, we cite [8], wherein the authors made a computational study on free convection in partitioned square enclosures divided by a porous partition between air- and water-filled chests. We cite [8], wherein the authors made a computational study on free convection in partitioned square enclosures divided by a porous partition between air- and water-filled chests They showed that the heat transfer was a declining function of the growing value of the location of the partition. The same geometrical configuration was used by [16] to numerically and analytically study the natural convection They obtained results for a variety of conditions, aspect ratios, and thermal Rayleigh numbers. A temperature gradient in a perpendicular direction to fluid weight forces (Figure 1 on the left), and second, a temperature gradient in direction of gravity forces due to fluid mass (Figure 1 on the right) were considered
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