Abstract
This paper explores the fracture process based on finite element simulation. Both probabilistic and deterministic methods are employed to model crack initiation, and several commonly used criteria are utilized to predict crack growth. It is concluded that the criteria of maximum tensile stress, maximum normal stress, and maximum Mises stress, as well as the Coulomb-Mohr criterion are able to predict the initiation of the first crack. The mixed-mode criteria based on the stress intensity factor (SIF), energy release rate, and the maximum principal stress, as well as the SIF-based maximum circumferential stress criterion are suitable to predict the crack propagation.
Highlights
Windows are among the weakest parts in a building and have drawn great attention when considering the case of fire
The breakage of glass exposed to fire includes two stages
Cracks initiate and propagate in a glass that is under heating
Summary
Windows are among the weakest parts in a building and have drawn great attention when considering the case of fire. A window glass may break and release the accumulated thermal stress. This opens a gate for oxygen flow from the outside into the room, and accelerates the fire development. Cracks initiate and propagate in a glass that is under heating. They coalesce to form “islands”, followed by the falling out of the fragments. Since this process may exert considerable influence on the development of a fire, understanding this mechanism is of important significance for fundamental research and for practical applications
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