Comparative study of two versatile multi-analyte chromatographic methods for determination of diacerein together with four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Greenness appraisal using Analytical Eco-Scale and AGREE metrics

Abstract

According to green analytical chemistry (GAC) principles, multi-analyte methods are usually more preferred than methods determining one analyte at a time (principle 8) as they allow saving resources (time, reagents and money) (principle 9) and permit the reduction of generated waste (principle 7) as well as reduction of needed samples (principle 2). The present work herein, describes for the first time the development, validation and comparison of novel green versatile multi-analyte HPLC-DAD and HPTLC methods for the quantitative estimation of five drugs (diacerein, aceclofenac, diclofenac sodium, celecoxib and meloxicam) within a single run in a short analysis time. For HPLC-DAD, separation was performed through using Zorbax SB C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm particle size) with the mobile phase composed of 0.05 M phosphate buffer pH 3.0 and acetonitrile (42:58, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The chromatograms were extracted at 258, 276 and 355 nm. In HPTLC procedure, precoated TLC silica gel aluminum plates 60 F254 were used with a mobile phase consisting of mixture of (chloroform: methanol: acetic acid, 92:8:0.25, v/v/v). The developed plates were scanned densitometrically at 258, 280 and 360 nm. Validation of the proposed methods was performed following the ICH guidelines for linearity, ranges, precision, accuracy, robustness, detection and quantification limits. Good linearities were confirmed by the high values of correlation coefficients (r > 0.9992). Appraisal of the greenness of the developed methods and comparison with different reported chromatographic methods was performed using the analytical Eco-scale (AES) approach and the novel Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) metric.