Abstract
Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) is a worldwide spread pathogen which penetrates host skin and then induces several diseases in infected host, such as fibrosis, formation of granulomas, hepatocirrhosis, and hepatomegaly. In present study, for the first time, transcriptomic profiles of mouse livers and skins infected by fork-tailed S. japonicum cercaria or non-fork-tailed S. japonicum cercaria were analyzed by using RNA-seq. The present findings demonstrated that transcriptomic landscapes of livers and skins infected by fork-tailed S. japonicum cercaria or non-fork-tailed S. japonicum cercaria were different. S. japonicum has great influence on hepatic metabolic processes. Fork-tailed S. japonicum cercaria upregulated hepatic metabolic processes, while non-fork-tailed S. japonicum cercaria downregulated hepatic metabolic processes. For the metabolism process or the metabolism enzyme expressional change, the pharmacokinetics of host could be changed during S. japonicum infection, regardless the biotypes of S. japonicum cercariae. The changes of infected skins focused on upregulation of immune response. During the S. japonicum skin infection period, fork-tailed S. japonicum cercaria infection induced stronger immune response comparing with that immune response triggered by non-fork-tailed S. japonicum cercaria. The transcription factor enrichment analysis showed that Irf7, Stat1 and Stat2 could play important roles in gene regulation during fork-tailed S. japonicum cercaria infection.
Highlights
Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) is a worldwide spread blood fluke which prevalent among dozens of countries, including Cambodia, Brazil, Syria, Turkey, Japan, and China
More than fifteen thousand genes were detected in present study. 158 upregulated genes and 242 downregulated genes were found in non-fork-tailed S. japonicum cercaria infecting liver (L-nonFT)
157 upregulated genes and 118 downregulated genes were found in fork-tailed S. japonicum cercaria infecting liver (L-FT). 138 upregulated genes and 69 downregulated genes differentially expressed between L-FT and L-nonFT (Figure 1)
Summary
Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) is a worldwide spread blood fluke which prevalent among dozens of countries, including Cambodia, Brazil, Syria, Turkey, Japan, and China. IL-4 (Oswald et al, 2001) and IL-13 (Bartley et al, 2006) were reported to be upregulated during S. japonicum infection The alterations of these cytokines are connected with host pathological change closely. Inhibiting the expression of IL-4 greatly reduces fibrosis in infected host (Cheever et al, 1995), while upregulation of IL-13 plays an important role in the formation of granulomaassociated fibrosis (Chiaramonte et al, 2003; Mentink-Kane et al, 2004). In these studies, the objects were focused on specific cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13. In order to discover the different features between fork-tailed cercaria infecting tissues and non-forktailed cercaria infecting tissues, revealing how the infected tissues response to morphology distinct cercariae, comparative analysis of host transcriptomic profiles during fork-tailed S. japonicum cercaria and non-fork-tailed S. japonicum cercaria was performed
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