Abstract
Induction motors are critical components for most industries and the condition monitoring has become necessary to detect faults. There are several techniques for fault diagnosis of induction motors and analyzing the startup transient vibration signals is not as widely used as other techniques like motor current signature analysis. Vibration analysis gives a fault diagnosis focused on the location of spectral components associated with faults. Therefore, this paper presents a comparative study of different time-frequency analysis methodologies that can be used for detecting faults in induction motors analyzing vibration signals during the startup transient. The studied methodologies are the time-frequency distribution of Gabor (TFDG), the time-frequency Morlet scalogram (TFMS), multiple signal classification (MUSIC), and fast Fourier transform (FFT). The analyzed vibration signals are one broken rotor bar, two broken bars, unbalance, and bearing defects. The obtained results have shown the feasibility of detecting faults in induction motors using the time-frequency spectral analysis applied to vibration signals, and the proposed methodology is applicable when it does not have current signals and only has vibration signals. Also, the methodology has applications in motors that are not fed directly to the supply line, in such cases the analysis of current signals is not recommended due to poor current signal quality.
Highlights
Induction motors are one of the most used machines in the world
This section provides the results obtained after analyzing the vibration signals with the time-frequency decomposition techniques, time-frequency distribution of Gabor (TFDG), time-frequency Morlet scalogram (TFMS), and multiple signal classification (MUSIC), including a comparison with the STFT. These vibration signals are captured from the startup transients of the motors under the five different conditions, that is, healthy, one broken rotor bar, two broken rotor bars, unbalance, and bearing defects
The best results are obtained from the vibration signal in the zaxis, Az, and this is because vibrations in an induction motor are typically radial vibrations due to the radial forces acting on the stator and the rotor associated
Summary
Induction motors are one of the most used machines in the world. The applications are varied and the advantages of their use are numerous. About half of the electricity consumed by the industry in the U.S is used by induction motors; 89% of the engines in manufacturing are electric motors [1] They are present in various modes of transportation. As a result, they are basic elements in the modern industrial world. They are basic elements in the modern industrial world From this arises the need for quick and accurate fault diagnosis for anticipating work stoppage in the processes where these machines are used. Failures in induction motors can occur in any of their three major components: rotor, stator, and bearings [2]. 38% of failures occur in the stator, 10% are located in the rotor, and around 40% represent mechanical failures including bearing damage, misalignment, eccentricity, and shaft bending [3]
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