Abstract
Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), known as one of the famous healthy fruits an d are consumed fresh or processed products all over the world. The antioxidation activity of raspberry fruits as well as leaves have been widely investigated. To better understand the metabolite accumulation mechanisms and to develop different functional cultivars, we performed a non-targeted metabolomics analysis using LC-MS/MS to investigate the contents of existing components from three raspberry cultivars, Autumn Britten, Autumn Bliss, and Red Autumn leaves, respectively. The results show multiple differentially accumulated metabolites among three cultivars, especially for the lipids (α-linolenic acid and eicosatetraenoic acid), amino acids and their derivatives (L-cysteine, Phenylalanine), flavonoids (Kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside, Quercetin 3-glucoside), and vitamins (Biotin, Thiamine, Vitamin K2), etc. The in vitro cellular antioxidant activities of three raspberry cultivars leaves ethanol extracts (RLEE) were also characterized. Through comparison the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels before or after RLEE protection of L929 fibroblast cells upon excessive UVB exposure, we evaluated the antioxidation potentials for all three cultivar RLEEs. It turns out the raspberry Autumn Britten leaf extract holds the greatest potential for protecting the L929 fibroblast cells from UVB induced damage. Our study provides theoretical support for screening of active metabolites from three raspberry cultivars leaves, spanning metabolites’ accumulation to cell damage protection, which could be used to refine bioactivity assessment for different raspberry cultivars suitable for antioxidant products extraction.
Highlights
IntroductionThe raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is a Rosaceae plant that belongs to the Rubus genus
Introduction iationsThe raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is a Rosaceae plant that belongs to the Rubus genus.Raspberry farming has a long history, and after 100 years of continual breed selection and optimization, it has become widely planted over the world [1]
This work aims to distinguish the original differences in the composition and content of metabolites in leaves of different varieties of raspberry, and for further evaluating the protective effects of leaf extracts of different varieties on photo damage of fibroblasts caused by UVB
Summary
The raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is a Rosaceae plant that belongs to the Rubus genus. Raspberry farming has a long history, and after 100 years of continual breed selection and optimization, it has become widely planted over the world [1]. Raspberry is a popular fruit among customers because of its sweet taste and high nutritional content. Raspberry leaves have attracted increased interest for their diverse applications as well as their global market expansion [2]. Raspberry leaves have been found to have a wide range of active compounds, including terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, and other anti-aging and antioxidant components, according to several studies [3,4]. The use of raspberry leaves, on the other hand, is significantly less than that of raspberry fruits. A large number of raspberry leaves are disposed as waste as a by-product of raspberry production, and fertilizer resources are used inefficiently [5,6]
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