Abstract
The European tobacco market has experienced significant changes in the last years – with the introduction of new tobacco products and the increased consumption of certain traditional products. Recent research of fine-cut tobacco blends (for RYO and MYO cigarettes) in Bulgaria is very limited, which substantiates the current comparative investigation of the smoke emissions of RYO tobaccos, accounting for the used materials (cigarette paper and filter tips). Three variants of laboratory-made cigarettes from five tobacco blends (A -E) were analyzed: variant I – with ready-to-use cigarette tubes; variant II – with gummed cigarette paper and filter tips with diameter 8 mm and length 15 mm; variant III – with the same cigarette paper and filter tips with diameter 6 mm and length 20 mm. The highest levels of smoke emissions were found for variant I and the minimal -for variant III, with no uniform trend between the blends. The smoke emissions from the analyzed RYO tobaccos exceeded the legal limits for commercial cigarettes, except for nicotine from blends B and D, and CO from blend D in variant III. In all variants, a strong correlation between the studied smoke emissions was observed -positive for nicotine/tar and tar/CO, and negative for nicotine/CO.
Highlights
There are over 112 million current smokers in the European Union, according to a survey conducted in 12 member states in the period 2017-2018 [1]
The results showed that all experimentally determined values for the studied emissions in the smoke of RYO tobacco blends exceeded the legal limits for manufactured cigarettes, with the exception of the nicotine content in blends B and D, and the carbon monoxide (CO) content in blend D
The experimentally determined values for the studied emissions in the smoke of RYO blends exceeded the legal limits for manufactured cigarettes, with the exception of the nicotine content in blends B and D, and the CO content in blend D
Summary
There are over 112 million current smokers in the European Union, according to a survey conducted in 12 member states in the period 2017-2018 [1]. Studies by a number of researches show that the increased consumption of RYO products is mostly due to the lower price and to the conviction that they are a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes [3, 10,11,12,13,14] These products are considered to be more popular among younger people, as well as among smokers with lower education and income levels [1 - 3, 15, 16]. According to [17] consumers assume that hand-rolled cigarettes are “more natural” than the commercial ones, respectively – less harmful due to the lower content of additives in their composition Another reason for the increased consumption is found in the possibility to control the RYO blends represent fine-cut tobacco that is purchased by consumers along with gummed cigarette paper and filter plugs for manual rolling of cigarettes [18]. As smokers can change the weight of their cigarettes, they can counteract price elevation by adjusting their consumption to changes in income [20]
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