Abstract
Mueller matrix polarimetry is a potentially powerful tool for biomedical diagnosis. Recently, the transmission Mueller matrix microscope and backscattering Mueller matrix endoscope were developed and applied to various pathological samples. However, a comparative study of imaging contrasts of Mueller matrix derived parameters between transmission and backscattering measurements is still needed to help decide which information obtained from transmission Mueller matrix microscope can be directly applied to in vivo Mueller matrix imaging. Here, to compare the imaging contrasts of Mueller matrix derived parameters between transmission and backscattering polarimetry, we measure porcine liver tissue samples and human breast carcinoma tissue specimens. The experiments and corresponding Monte Carlo stimulation results demonstrate that the backscattering and transmission retardance-related Mueller matrix parameters have very similar contrasts to characterize the anisotropic and isotropic structures of pathological tissues, meaning that the conclusions made from Mueller matrix microscopic imaging based on retardance can also be helpful to guide the in situ backscattering Mueller matrix polarimetric diagnosis. However, the values and contrasts of depolarization-related Mueller matrix parameters have some differences between transmission and backscattering polarimetry.
Highlights
The number of new cancer cases and deaths is increasing rapidly worldwide [1,2]
To compare the Mueller matrix derived parameters between transmission and backscattered measurements more comprehensively, the Monte Carlo (MC) simulations based on the sphere-birefringence model (SBM) is used here to analyze the behavior of polarized photons propagating in the biological tissues [43,44]
Due to the limited thickness of tissue slices used for transmission polarimetry, the values of depolarization-related Mueller matrix parameters Δ and 1-b are much smaller compared with backscattering polarimetry
Summary
The number of new cancer cases and deaths is increasing rapidly worldwide [1,2]. By adding the polarization states generator and analyzer (PSG and PSA) to a commercial transmission optical microscope, we developed a Mueller matrix microscope for pathological observations [20,21]. This novel microscope and parameters derived from Mueller matrix elements were applied to various pathological samples including human breast carcinoma [22], liver cirrhosis and cancer [20,23], cervical cancer [24], thyroid cancer [25], and skin cancer tissues [26]. For depolarization-related Mueller matrix parameters their values and contrasts have some differences between transmission and backscattering polarimetry
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