Abstract
Millet and maize, because of the importance of their yields, constitute a reliable alternative to the question of sovereignty and food security. These cereals are exploited in all agroecological zones of Senegal. But their stocks, especially those of maize, are deteriorated by Sitophilus Zeamais, a beetle of the Curculionidae. It is therefore necessary to find natural solutions that are healthier than the use of pesticides which is harmful to living beings and the environment. This article makes a comparative study of the genetic diversity of the populations of this insect individually subservient to maize and to millet. The importance of this study is to find a genetic explanation for the differential vulnerability of these host plants to Sitophilus Zeamais, because the genetic diversity influences the adaptability of the individual and consequently its development. For this, insects Sitophilus Zeamais subservient on the one hand to maize and on the other hand to millet were collected in each agroecological zone. The exploitation of 125 sequences of the Cytochrome B gene corresponding to the individuals, by software of study in population genetics (Bioedit, DNAsp, Mega, Arlequin…) compared to parameters of genetic variability, revealed an approximately similar and high genetic diversity of the 2 populations of millet and maize. Thus, millet and maize genetically have the same effect on the adaptability of Sitophilus Zeamais.
Highlights
In Senegal, maize and millet constitute the food base of households, especially rural households
Insects subservient to maize have more haplotypes (21), sparingly variable sites (34) than the population insects subservient to millet, which are characterized by 10 haplotypes, and more invariable sites (376) and singleton sites (22)
If we compare the genetic diversity of the populations of Millet and Maize in the agroecological zones (AEZ), we find that those of the populations of the NBA and of the BMC are relatively similar, except the Haplotypic diversity (Hd) which is weak for the maize population of the BMC
Summary
In Senegal, maize and millet constitute the food base of households, especially rural households. These 2 cereals occupy respectively 28% and 11% in rural areas against respectively 19% and 5% in urban areas [14]. Their stocks are altered by a powerful pest, a coleopterous beetle of the Curculionidae, named Sitophilus Zeamais. No genetic study to correlate host plants populations with the extent of damage which they are individually victim has been done. Our study aims to identify the host plant most favorable to the survival or extinction of Sitophilus Zeamais, by the comparative exploitation of the genetic diversity of the 2 populations of millet and of maize. Homogeneity and genetic heterogeneity affect the adaptive potential of the insect
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