Abstract
The principal function of the menisci is probably connected with the sliding movements during the rotation of the tibia along the long axis. In tetrapods the central position of the cruciate ligament apparatus should be probably primitive while the medial position of this apparatus is derived. In the line of frog-turtle-lizard-human the histological structure of the cruciate ligament shows a tendency to increase the mechanical durability based on the organization of fibers. Tetrapods with lateral limbs have no neural tissue within the cruciate ligaments unlike the human ones.
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