Comparative Study of Technology Transfer Practices in Europe and the USA

Abstract

This paper provides a comparative analysis of technology transfer practices in the European Union (EU), with special emphasis on Spain, and the USA. In EU member states hundreds of policy measures and support schemes for innovation have been implemented or are under discussion. In particular, two aspects of innovation are being specifically developed by each country because of their relevance to the global economy: industry-science relationships and the protection of intellectual property rights. This study first presents an overview of the evolution of the regulatory framework and the current legal status in the EU with regard to these key issues. The USA continues to record impressive statistics concerning the transfer of the results of academic research for commercial application and the exploitation of intellectual property rights. To identify the key factors in its success, some distinct characteristics of the US regulatory environment are presented. Finally, the paper identifies the crucial steps that need to be taken in the next phase of global interaction between science and industry and international patent systems so as to manage a worldwide network of innovation that will encourage a growing competitive economy.