Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents one of the greatest threats to modern global health. DM may affect male reproductive function at multiple levels as a result of its effects on spermatogenesis, sperm motility, sperm morphology, and change in sperm structure.
 Methods: The present study deals with sperm motility and sperm morphological changes associated with diabetes in the male population. In this study, 50 insulin-dependent and 50 metformin users were selected, with ages of males ranging from 26-54 years and duration of diabetes distributed over 3-15 years. Both insulin-dependent and metformin-using diabetic subjects were evaluated for sperm analysis.
 Results: Sperm analysis data showed a significant increase (p ±0.0005) in total sperm count in insulin-dependent diabetic men. However, sperm motility was found to be about 10-15% less in insulin-dependent patients compared to metformin users. Moreover, sperm morphology was improved in 6% of metformin users compared to insulin-dependent diabetics.
 Conclusion: Our study concludes that metformin does not significantly affect sperm count. However, it does significantly affect sperm motility, when compared to insulin-dependent diabetic men. This study established an important relationship between diabetes and sperm motility, which reflects the reproductive capabilities of men.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is generally characterized as Type 1 diabetes (T1D) or Type 2 diabetes (T2D)
The present study evaluated sperm motility and sperm morphological changes associated with diabetes in males
The results show that there was an increase in semen volume in patients receiving insulin (IDDM), when compared to those using metformin (NIDDM) (Fig. 1)
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is generally characterized as Type 1 diabetes (T1D) or Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Method: The present study deals with sperm motility and sperm morphological changes associated with diabetes in the male population. 50 insulin-dependent and 50 metformin users were selected, with ages of males ranging from 26-54 years and duration of diabetes distributed over 3-15 years. Both insulindependent and metformin-using diabetic subjects were evaluated for sperm analysis. Sperm morphology was improved in 6% of metformin users compared to insulin-dependent diabetics. Conclusion: Our study concludes that metformin does not significantly affect sperm count It does significantly affect sperm motility, when compared to insulin-dependent diabetic men. This study established an important relationship between diabetes and sperm motility, which reflects the reproductive capabilities of men
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