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Abstract
The rate of increase in solar activity at the initiation of solar cycle 22 had led the activity during the solar maximum years 1990-1991, be the most severe of any period during the space age. Solar cycle 23 started in May 1996 and ended in December 2008. Total time period of this solar cycle is 12.6 years. The maximum smoothed sunspot number observed during the solar cycle was 120.8 and minimum was 1.7. It is apparent that solar cycle 23 is a long one. Solar cycle 24 (initiated in December 2008) seems to be weak, which will have a slow ramp up, much slower than the late 19th century cycles used for comparison. In the present work, we have considered Sunspot number (Rz) as an index of solar activity, which shows a predominant 11 year cycle. The strength of the solar cycle makes a huge difference to satellite operators. Each solar peak heats and expands the outer atmosphere. The strength of the solar-cycle length, annual average and temperature correlation enables solar cycle length to be used as a climate predictor tool.
Highlights
Analyses of solar and geomagnetic activity are important to various technologies, including the operation of low-Earth orbiting satellites, electric power transmission grids, geophysical operation, and high frequency radio communications
The strength of the solar-cycle length, annual average and temperature correlation enables solar cycle length to be used as a climate predictor tool
Influence of solar activity during different phases of solar cycle on geomagnetic disturbance and geomagnetic hazards has been discussed in the literature [1,2,3]
Summary
Analyses of solar and geomagnetic activity are important to various technologies, including the operation of low-Earth orbiting satellites, electric power transmission grids, geophysical operation, and high frequency radio communications. The entire structure of the Sun’s magnetic field changes in 11-year cycle. During a solar cycle the strongest magnetic fields slowly migrate towards the. The position of the sunspots is not random [5]. They first appear in the middle latitudes above and below the Sun’s equator. After 11-years when the most cycle begins, the magnetic field poles are reversed. Solar cycles 22 and 23 was 9.7 and 12.6 years long respectively [6,7]. The dramatic variability from one cycle to the in these sunspot and geomagnetic records shows the difficulty in making empirical predictions of both types of activity. We have analyzed the solar output variability during solar cycles 22 to 24
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