Abstract
This study included the application of some experiments in the chemical treatment of some heavy metals elements by preparing biological surfaces that are adsorbed from natural and other chemical substances, as in preparing activated carbon prepared from charred pistachio shell with concentrated H2SO4 and Nano-Calcium Oxide prepared from CaCL2.2H2O with NaOH . The prepared materials were diagnosed with spectral techniques where the FTIR infrared spectrum proved the formation of carbonyl, hydrogen and oxygenated of the surface in activated charcoal and the hydroxyl and calcium oxide groups in the nano-calcium oxide, as the FE-SEM surface morphology was proven to form on coal blocks The surface is a network of irregular holes and a network of microscopic holes regular on the surface of nano- calcium oxide. As for X-ray diffraction technology, the crystal structures of the surface, its shapes and sizes, are shown, and that activated charcoal consists of that Many types of carbon in the form hexagonally and cuboid and rhomboid with a right angle, while technical proven size of the crystalline calcium oxide nanoscale which ranges between (54.68-67.86nm) cube-shaped. PIAC activated charcoal and n-Calcium oxide were used as sorbents in the removal of, Cd + 2, Pb + 2 ions from aqueous solutions, a study of the effect of pH, contact time, multiple weights for surface and the primary concentration of ions in a horizontal removal method , and the removal of minimal concentrations of ions in large volumes of solutions by the process of preconcentration .
Highlights
Pure water free form pollutants is a key ingredient in green protected and sustainable environments on Earth (1)
The prepared materials were diagnosed with spectral techniques where the FTIR infrared spectrum proved the formation of carbonyl, hydrogen and oxygenated of the surface in activated charcoal and the hydroxyl and calcium oxide groups in the nano-calcium oxide, as the FE-SEM surface morphology was proven to form on coal blocks The surface is a network of irregular holes and a network of microscopic holes regular on the surface of nano- calcium oxide
The release of factory waste, washing water and sewage directly into the environment, including rivers and irrigation of soils with untreated wastewater that is transmitted to the organism by feeding on plant crops contaminated with heavy elements that cause many health problems is considered one of the most important sources of environmental pollution (9)
Summary
Pure water free form pollutants is a key ingredient in green protected and sustainable environments on Earth (1). The high concentration of toxic metallic elements is very dangerous for humans and the ecosystem even at low levels (6), because of their nondegradable nature as they possess vital properties that cause them to accumulate and be concentrated in different parts of the human body and animal (7) Some of these minerals are an important component in metabolic processes, but they are toxic in increasing their concentration in the body, that Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Mn are among the minerals necessary for their important role in biological systems. The powder was treated by burning it with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4.) With a ratio of one to two parts by weight and the process of potting continued for 24 hours to complete the carbonization process, the sample was washed several times with distilled water to get rid of the excess acid until Reach at pH = 4 It was dried at (80-100 oC) for three hours . 900 0C for 4 hours, as nano-Calcium Oxide powder is formed.The ionic equation of the reaction is : Ca+2 + 2OH → Ca(OH)2 → CaO + H2O
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