Abstract
The main aim of this study was to compare refraction measurements with and without cycloplegia from two refractors devices, (TRK-2P autorefractometer (TRK-2P) and wavefront-based refraction Visionix 130 (VX130)) in children and adolescents. This descriptive observational study included 20 myopic eyes and 40 hyperopic eyes measured in two different Spanish hospitals. Cycloplegia was carried out by three drops of cyclopentolate hydrochloride 1% (Colircusí cycloplegic, Alcon Healthcare S.A., Barcelona). The mean age of the myopia group was 12.40 ± 3.48 years; for the hyperopia group, the mean age was 7.37 ± 2.47 years. In the myopia group, autorefraction and wavefront-based refraction did not show clinically significant differences in any components between with and without cycloplegia. The hyperopia group showed statistical and clinically significant differences in sphere and SE components between relaxed and non-relaxed states of accommodation, although the cylindrical components were not clinically different. In this study, we considered a value of ≥0.50D as a clinically significant difference in refraction. Therefore, both devices were capable of obtaining accurate refractions without cyclopegia in myopia children, although they did not avoid instrument myopia and accommodation involved in hyperopia children. Moreover, both refractometers could be useful for astigmatism monitoring in children without the need for cycloplegic drops.
Highlights
Refractive errors, such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, affect a large proportion of the population worldwide
High myopia increases the risk for developing several pathological ocular conditions, such as cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and myopic maculopathy [6,7], that may cause an irreversible loss of vision later in life [8]
The age of the hyperopia group was statistically different from the myopia group (p < 0.001)
Summary
Refractive errors, such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, affect a large proportion of the population worldwide. Age-specific estimates showed a high prevalence of myopia in younger participants (47.2%), in those with ages between 25 and 29 years old [2,3]. In children, these refractive errors may not be detected due to children often not complaining of visual defects or not being aware of the need for correction. High myopia increases the risk for developing several pathological ocular conditions, such as cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and myopic maculopathy [6,7], that may cause an irreversible loss of vision later in life [8]
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