Abstract
Black pepper is a tropical crop with an extensive medicinal potential in alternative medicine and nutraceutical applications. The pungent bioactive piperine is responsible for this functions and its efficacy requires an efficient extraction technologies for optimal isolation. There is therefore a need to determine the best factor settings that will optimize the relative efficiency of the extraction system with minimal variability. The best factor settings was achieved using the L9 Taguchi parametric orthogonal design. The extraction parameters considered under this study were extraction time, irradiation power level, particle size and molar ratio. An optimal extraction condition was therefore achieved at 90 min extraction time, 350 W microwave power, 0.105 mm particle size and 10 mL/g molar ratio. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) otherwise known as response optimizer is an ideal metric in the determination of this optimum condition. The performance evaluation of reflux microwave extractor in relation to that of the hydrodistillation system placed the optimal efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio at 155.72% and 43.8469, respectively. The higher optimal efficiency obtained indicated that the microwave reflux extraction is better and more efficient than the conventional hydrodistillation techniques.
Highlights
Piper nigrum otherwise called black pepper is an important agricultural crop with economical, nutritional and health benefits
The results revealed that the selective extraction resulted in the production of high-quality piperine with 85% purity
The sample was hydrodistilled and validated under the same operating conditions and results indicated that the average mean of the piperine yield was 1.322 w/w, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.92 % using water as the extracting agent
Summary
Piper nigrum otherwise called black pepper is an important agricultural crop with economical, nutritional and health benefits. It is used as spices in the food industry, in traditional medicine as anti-rheumatic, in pharmaceuticals as an analgesic, essential balm production as an adiabatic substance, and as tear gas components in policing [1,2,3]. Black pepper is a climbing perennial plant, grown in many parts of India, Brazil, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Malaysia [5] Their flavoring and pungency properties is due to the presence of volatile and non-volatile oil containing an active compound called piperine [6]. Many studies had been conducted on the improvement and implementation of distinctive operating conditions for the extraction of piperine oil using different methods [9][10]. The relative efficiency of the microwave extraction technique was estimated based on their extraction yield in relation to that of the conventional hydrodistillation extraction method
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