Abstract
Aim:The present work was designed to study the incidence of obstructive urolithiasis and to apply comparative diagnosis to urine retention cases.Materials and Methods:A total of 78 non-castrated buffalo calves aging 3-11 months were included in this study, 68 calves were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Zagazig University, Egypt, during the study period with a history of anuria, and they were classified into three groups; intact bladder group (19 calves), uroperitoneum group (45 calves), and ruptured urethra group (4 calves). 10 apparently healthy calves were used for comparison. On the basis of history, clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings diagnosis was achieved.Results:There was a marked increase in the incidence of obstructive urolithiasis in winter season, especially in winter months of 2016. Calves within the age of 3-4 months and 6-8 months were mostly affected. Inappetence to anorexia, restlessness or depression, and abdominal distension were the most observed signs in the diseased calves. Laboratory findings revealed hemoconcentration and a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in all diseased groups. Hyperproteinemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia with electrolytes imbalance were recorded in the uroperitoneum group. Ultrasonographically, distended urinary bladder with distal acoustic enhancement revealed obstructive urolithiasis with intact bladder while anechoic fluid in abdominal cavity indicates uroperitoneum.Conclusion:On the basis of all findings, calves with intact bladder were in superior condition than those with a ruptured urethra and both were better than those with uroperitoneum.
Highlights
Urolithiasis is an important disease of domestic animals
There was a marked increase in the incidence of obstructive urolithiasis in winter season, especially in winter months of 2016
Hyperproteinemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia with electrolytes imbalance were recorded in the uroperitoneum group
Summary
Urolithiasis is an important disease of domestic animals. The difference between urolithiasis and obstructive urolithiasis is an important one. Simple urolithiasis has a relatively little importance, but obstructive urolithiasis has a significant life-threatening consequence [1]. Factors such as diet, sex, age, breed, genetic makeup, season, water intake, soil, mineral, hormone, and urinary tract infections play a key role in the genesis of urolithiasis [2]. Urethral obstruction causes distension of the urinary bladder, and as the bladder continues to distend, the animal exhibits signs of pain reactions until perforation of the urethra or rupture of bladder occurs. Such complications usually occur within 2-3 days if the obstruction is not relieved, on perforation and rupture, the animal may not show signs of discomfort
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