Abstract
In Mongolia coal fired thermal power stations produce over 90% of the country’s electricity. Three thermal power stations located in Ulaanbaatar city produce more than 80% of all electricity produced in Mongolia. The annual output of fly ash and bottom ash from these thermal power stations is about 600,000 tons. The thermal power plants in Ulaanbaatar city use coal from Baganuur and Shivee-Ovoo deposits. This research was conducted to compare morphologies of various fly ashes and pond ashes from TPS in Mongolia. Fly ashes from TPS4 and pond ashes from TPS3 and TPS4 of Ulaanbaatar city were characterized by x-ray fluorescence (XRF), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), laser particle size distribution analyzer, specific surface area measurement (BET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical compositions of the fly ashes and pond ashes indicate that they are class C ashes. Specific surface areas of the fly ashes and pond ashes varied from 1.04 to 25.2 m2/g. Radiation measurements that were performed by γ-spectroscopy indicate that the radium equivalent changed from 292 to 761 Bq/kg in the various ashes.
Highlights
Mongolia is rich in coal with up to 160 million tons of reserves
Coal is the cheapest raw material for producing electricity and more than 90% of electricity in Mongolia is produced by coal fired thermal power stations
The relatively high loss on ignition of pond ashes is characteristic of hydration and hydroxylation of the particle surfaces
Summary
Mongolia is rich in coal with up to 160 million tons of reserves. There are five operating power plants in the centralized energy systems which generate both heat and electricity. These plants burn 5-6 million tons of coal resulting in more than 600,000 tons of coal combustion by-products per year. Within these plants, the 4th thermal power plant generates around 300,000 tons of fly ash and bottom ash. The 3rd thermal power plant produces around 100,000 tons of bottom ash
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