Abstract
The objective of this research was to enhance the capability of the Micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-XRF) and portable X-ray Fluorescence (P-XRF) instruments for in situ multi-element and quantitative (Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Ag, Cd, Pb, Cu, and As) analysis of artwork samples from the Sasanian and Parthian periods. The 25 samples were analyzed (8 different metal samples, 5 different glass samples and 12 ceramic samples) which were found in the Garmian region by the directorate for antiquities and excavations in Garmian. Parts of each sample were immersed in epoxy resin, rubbed, and polished for easier handling and best-measuring conditions. For the same set of samples, the acquired results were compared to the inductivity coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) results. Correlation analysis was used to compare the mean element concentrations. The relationship between ICP-OES and μ-XRF shows good linearity in the analysis of the metal and glass samples (R2 = 0.9997). In contrast to metal and glass samples, the concentrations of ceramic materials assessed with p-XRF had no linear relationship with the concentration obtained by ICP-OES measurements (R2 = 0.3046).
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