Comparative Study of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Conventional Total Knee Replacement (TKR) and Robotic-Assisted TKR in Patients with Bilateral Varus Deformity Knee OA within the Eastern Population

Abstract

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, including bilateral varus deformity, presents unique challenges for treatment. This comparative study evaluates clinical and radiological outcomes of conventional total knee replacement (TKR) and robotic-assisted TKR in patients with bilateral varus deformity knee OA within the Eastern population. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 84 bilateral varus deformity knee OA patients treated with two different surgical approaches: Group A (Conventional TKR) and Group B (Robotic-assisted TKR). Clinical outcomes, including pain relief, functional improvement, and patient satisfaction, were assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Knee Society Score (KSS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and quality of life measures. Radiological outcomes, including alignment and component positioning, were evaluated. Statistical analyses compared outcomes between groups. Results: Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in clinical and radiological outcomes. Robotic-assisted TKR showed advantages with reduced pain (p < 0.001), superior knee function (p < 0.001), better pain relief and function (p < 0.001), higher patient satisfaction (p < 0.001), and improved quality of life (p < 0.001) compared to conventional TKR. Radiologically, robotic-assisted TKR exhibited superior alignment (p < 0.001) and component positioning (p < 0.001). Implant survivorship remained excellent in both groups, with no revisions reported. Conclusion: Robotic-assisted TKR offers significant benefits in pain relief, functional improvement, and radiological outcomes for patients with bilateral varus deformity knee OA within the Eastern population. While both approaches are effective, the advantages of robotic assistance should be considered in surgical decision-making. Further research is needed to assess cost-effectiveness and long-term outcomes.