Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of chemical and mechanical surface treatments for cast metal alloys on the bond strength of an indirect composite resin (Artglass) to commercially pure titanium (cpTi). Thirty cylindrical metal rods (3 mm diameter x 60 mm long) were cast in grade-1 cpTi and randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=5) according to the received surface treatment: sandblasting; chemical treatment; mechanical treatment - 0.4 mm beads; mechanical treatment - 0.6 mm beads; chemical/mechanical treatment - 0.4 mm; and chemical/mechanical treatment - 0.6 mm beads. Artglass rings (6.0 mm diameter x 2.0 mm thick) were light cured around the cpTi rods, according manufacturer's specifications. The specimens were invested in hard gypsum and their bond strength (in MPa) to the rods was measured at fracture with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 2.0 mm/min and 500 kgf load cell. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (alpha=5%). The surface treatments differed significantly from each other (p<0.05) regarding the recorded bond strengths. Chemical retention and sandblasting showed statistically similar results to each other (p=0.139) and both had significantly lower bond strengths (p<0.05) than the other treatments. In conclusion, mechanical retention, either associated or not to chemical treatment, provided higher bond strength of the indirect composite resin to cpTi.
Highlights
Metals are susceptible to biodegradation in the oral environment due to a combination of dissolution in saliva, wear and corrosion, mainly when different metals and alloys are used
This study evaluated the effect of chemical and mechanical surface treatments for cast metal alloys on the bond strength of an indirect composite resin (Artglass) to commercially pure titanium
It is known that the bonding between commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and veneering materials can be affected by the oxide layer
Summary
Metals are susceptible to biodegradation in the oral environment due to a combination of dissolution in saliva, wear and corrosion, mainly when different metals and alloys are used. Titanium is known to have an excellent corrosion resistance due to the formation of a thermodynamically and mechanically stable oxide layer on its surface [1]. The deficient bonding of indirect composites to the metallic alloys could promote the formation of marginal gaps, causing weak bond strength and color change, which affect directly esthetics. Retention of indirect composites for fixed prosthesis and crowns to metallic frameworks can be obtained by micromechanical (air-abrasion, electrolytic etching, porous metal coating), macromechanical (mesh, beads, rough surface with particles) and chemical (4-META composites, phosphate-based composites) procedures, and adhesive layer application (tin plating, silanization) [3,4,5]
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