Abstract
The penetration of the distributed energy resources particularly solar and wind power into the electrical system has been increasing, but the intermittent nature of these resources produces perturbations and instability in the electrical grid. Thus, integrating energy storage system into the power grids is one of the best solutions to improve the reliability with performance of electrical systems; ensure power balance and meet consumer demand. Different technologies of energy storage devices have been used to support the integration of renewable energy resources and contribute to improve either the effectiveness with the management of power operating system during critical situations such as power fluctuations in the electrical grid. The main objective of this work is to test the effectiveness of battery energy storage system in reducing active power fluctuations in presence of a perturbation in a micro-grid. In addition, a comparative study is carried out by comparing the response of different battery technologies which are used to support the electrical grid in order to verify the appropriate battery technology for power systems and particularly for energy management in micro-grids during power fluctuations, also, the evaluation of the behaviour, feasibility, performance and effectiveness of BESS is achieved by using real-time simulation.
Highlights
The unpredictable power fluctuations with intermittent nature of renewable energies may cause power unbalance which affects micro-grids operation
Comparison of energy storage system effectiveness during such critical situation between three types of batteries which are connected to the micro-grid is conducted through the following cases: Case 1: Only Lead-Acid batteries are connected to the micro-grid; Case 2: Only Lithium-Ion batteries are connected to the micro-grid; Case 3: Only Nickel-Cadmium batteries are connected to the microgrid
The simulation results are presented in the following figures for each case: Figure 7 (a)- Lead-Acid batteries response during power fluctuations in the micro-grid; Figure 7 (b)- Supplied active power from the main utility grid while only Lead-Acid batteries are connected to the micro-grid; Figure 7 (c)- Lithium-Ion batteries response during power fluctuations in the micro-grid; Figure 7 (d)- Supplied active power from the main utility grid while Lithium-Ion batteries are connected to the micro-grid; Figure 7 (e)- Nickel-Cadmium batteries response during power fluctuations in the micro-grid; Figure 7 (f)- Supplied active power from the main utility grid while only Nickel-Cadmium batteries are connected to the micro-grid
Summary
The unpredictable power fluctuations with intermittent nature of renewable energies may cause power unbalance which affects micro-grids operation To reduce these disturbances and maintain balance between power generation and demand, Energy Storage Devices (ESDs) are used as an effective solution. Several grid codes require that renewable energy sources (RESs) should maintain their connection to the electrical grid during disturbances in order to contribute for electrical power system stability Such assistance is ensured by voltage and frequency regulation through active and reactive power support requirements [1], [2]. To reduce these issues and maintain balance between power generation and demand, energy storage devices (ESDs) are used as an effective solution. The efficient control of ESS used for voltage support helps to reduce
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