Abstract
Ever since the emergence of Islam, mosque has always been the most dominant feature in any Islamic built environment. Over the course of time, mosque architecture has gone through a process of various forms of uses and expressions in terms of its transformation. Its style, layout, building form, type of ornamentation used, building materials and construction technology usually provide vital information not only about the practice of Islam in general but also about the timeline, prevailing geopolitical environment, religious conviction, purpose, need and the region in which the mosque was built. This research paper emphasizes the study of the general characteristics of the two earliest examples of mosques in Islamic architecture through extensive literature review. It also highlights the historical and geopolitical context, built form, size, shape, configuration, color, texture, materials used, scale and type of decorative elements of the two most outstanding and heavily restored mosques to date.
Highlights
Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) mosque in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, dating back to 622 AD, is considered to be the holiest and the earliest surviving example after Masjid Haram at Mecca
Comparative Study of Architecture of the Great Mosque space with roof made of mud and palm leaves supported by columns of palm tree trunks was added to the mosque enclosure that was defining the Qibla direction
The city is among the four Islamic Holy Cities of Iraq
Summary
Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) mosque in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, dating back to 622 AD, is considered to be the holiest and the earliest surviving example after Masjid Haram at Mecca. Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) mosque was an extension to his one room house called “Hujra,” a semi enclosed area which was used as a meeting place for visitors and delegates. This building served the purpose of a community center and a religious institute. The Prophet’s (SAW) mosque was of very simple form; it was an enclosure of mud bricks without any roofed area inside. Comparative Study of Architecture of the Great Mosque space with roof made of mud and palm leaves supported by columns of palm tree trunks was added to the mosque enclosure that was defining the Qibla direction.. The study aims at documenting various issues how the two mosques compare and contrast with each other
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