Abstract
Objective: To compare anticonvulsant activity of methanol extracts of Sapindus emarginatus (MESE) and Acorus calamus (MEAC) in experimental seizure models in mice.
 Methods: Hind limb tonic extension (HLTE) in Maximal electroshock (MES) seizure and clonic seizure in Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizure models were assessed. Group I (control) mice received 1% gum acacia in distilled water (1 ml/100 g). Topiramate (50 mg/kg) was administered in group II (standard) animals. Group III and IV mice were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg of MESE, respectively. Mice in group V and VI were given MEAC at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Drugs were given orally suspended in 1% gum acacia suspension (1 ml/100 g) for 7 d. Next day after 1 h of drug administration, the seizure was induced for evaluation.
 Results: Anticonvulsant property of both extracts was confirmed by reduction (p<0.001) in HLTE phase in MES model; delayed onset of the clonic seizure (p<0.001) and its shortened phase (p<0.001) in PTZ model when compared with the control. MESE-200 mg/kg produced significantly longer (p<0.001) HLTE phase with lower protection (40.34%) among the different doses of the extracts. Clonic seizure onsets and durations in PTZ model were comparable among the different extract-treated groups; however, mortality was higher (66.6%) with MESE-200 mg/kg.
 Conclusion: Anticonvulsant activity of MESE and MEAC was evident; however, MESE at the dose of 200 mg/kg was less effective.
Highlights
Epilepsy is one of the common serious neurological disorders associated with substantial morbidity and mortality due to seizures and available medications [1]
The present study attempts to compare the anticonvulsant activity of the two plants on experimental seizure models in mice, which are commonly used because of smaller size, the genetic, biological and behavioural characteristics closely resemble to human
The qualitative phytochemical analysis of methanol extracts of Sapindus emarginatus (MESE) and MEAC detected the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins
Summary
Epilepsy is one of the common serious neurological disorders associated with substantial morbidity and mortality due to seizures and available medications [1]. The pathologies leading to epilepsy can occur anywhere in the circuit level in brain e. The main goal in epilepsy research is the development of new agents which can overcome these limitations [4]. The literature reveals that many medicinal plants are used in different systems of complementary and alternative medicines for the treatment of various ailments, including mood disorders and epilepsy [6]. The present study attempts to compare the anticonvulsant activity of the two plants on experimental seizure models in mice, which are commonly used because of smaller size, the genetic, biological and behavioural characteristics closely resemble to human
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