Comparative Study of Alloplastic and Xenogeneic Biomaterials Used for in Dentistry

Abstract

Biomaterials are routinely used in dentistry for tissue engineering. The purpose of the present work is to compare the performance of a new alloplastic biomaterial (Blue-Bone®), xenogeneic biomaterial (Bio-Oss®), and a mixture of both biomaterials with 50% of autogenous bone. 32 Wistar rats underwent a surgical procedure in which a circular disc of bone was removed from the calvaria with a trephine drill 10 mm in diameter to create a critical bone defect, which was filled with the biomaterials under study. After 40 days, the animals were euthanized and the calvaria was removed for processing and analysis. Histomorphometric determination of vital mineralized tissue (VMT), no-vital mineralized tissue (NVMT), and on-mineralized tissue (NVMT) was performed. The results showed that, while cavities filled with Bio-Oss® needed to be mixed with an autogenous bone to present better performance, Blue-Bone® biomaterial does not need to be mixed with an autogenous bone to promote a more cellular and vascularized bone matrix.