Abstract
Wheat production is a determining branch within Hungarian crop production (produced on nearly one million hectares). Weather anomalies caused by climatic change confirmed the importance of the biological background (variety, hybrid) in wheat production. The adapting ability and reaction of different wheat genotypes towards nutrient supply were studied in a long-term field experiment on chernozem soil type in the case of different pre-crops (sunflower and maize). According to the experimental results of the vegetation of 2017/2018, the yield of the variety Ingenio sown after the sunflower as previous crop ranged between 4168 and 8734 kg ha-1, while in the case of maize as previous crop, this value ranged between 2084 and 7782kg ha-1, depending on the applied nutrient supply level. The studied genotypes produced rather significant yield surplus as a response to the application of mineral fertilization (4.6–5.1 t ha-1 after sunflower and 5.7–6.3 t ha-1 after maize). Optimal mineral fertilizer dosage was determined by both the genotype and the pre-crop. N-optimum values of wheat genotypes was determined using regression analysis. In the case of the variety Ingenio sown after sunflower, the optimum range was N144-150+PK, while after maize, it was N123-150+PK, respectively. For the hybrid Hyland, these optimum ranges were N114-120+PK, just as N150-153+PK, resp. The application of optimal mineral fertilizer dosages improved water utilization of the studied wheat genotypes to a significant extent. WUE values of the control, unfertilized treatments ranged between 4.1–8.3 kg mm-1, while in optimal fertilizer treatment, it ranged between 15.5 and 17.4 kg mm-1.
Highlights
The improvement of the genetic potential of winter wheat depends basically on the given genotype and the applied agronomic treatment (Threthowan et al, 2012)
Highest yield in the case of the control treatment combinations (1097 kg ha-1) was measured in the case of the Ingenio variety sown after the pre-crop sunflower, which was 35% higher than the yield of the hybrid Hyland
According to our results of the crop year 2018, the highest yield was produced in the case of the treatment combination of the variety Ingenio, at a nutrient supply level of N150+PK, which showed a yield surplus of 4566 kg ha-1 in contrast to the untreated control plots
Summary
The improvement of the genetic potential of winter wheat depends basically on the given genotype and the applied agronomic treatment (Threthowan et al, 2012). According to Lásztity et al (1994) yield may be affected – in addition to the genetic properties of the crop – mainly by the nutrient and water supply level of the soil. Variety, sowing area properties, cropping standards and technology are the main determining factors of nutrient requirement. Adequate nutrient supply and other production factors enable the production of potential yield of a given variety in a strong relationship (Koltay et al, 1982). The nutrient and water use of the pre-crop, as well as the amount of nutrients mobilized or temporarily immobilized after the decomposition of pre-crop residues affect the utilization of applied mineral fertilizers to a significant extent. Soil nutrient supply level after pre-crops that are harvested late in the autumn, and that use high amount of water (such as maize or sugar-beet) is far lower than in the case of precrops harvested earlier. Main pre-crops of winter wheat in Hungary are winter wheat and maize
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