Abstract
The thrust block is one of the most widely recognized methods of resisting thrust forces. This type of infrastructure should be installed in bends, dead ends, tees and wyes. Thrust blocks perform the function of transferring thrust force to the ground safely. Thrust block dimensions are designed based on hydrostatic pressures, bend angles, and soil properties in the surrounding area. Several codes exist for designing thrust blocks, but we focus on Egyptian code for design and implementation of pipelines for drinking water and sewage networks (ECDIPWSN) and the American Water Works Association (AWWA). In this methodology, the steps of thrust block design by the codes are demonstrated and applied individually to one of the published papers. The goal of the study was to find the optimum percentages between the dimensions of the block in the two codes and to compare the quantity of concrete after the block was designed by each code. Based on the research, it was found that the concrete amount of the block designed by AWWA was smaller than that designed by ECDIPWSN.
Highlights
Pipelines are a traditional way of transferring the water between the zones on the city plan
Results of the study discovered the volume of the thrust block created by the American Water Works Association (AWWA) method was smaller than the volume created by the ECDIPWSN method when excavation depth was low but was larger when excavation depth was large
Many codes refer to the thrust block as AWWA and ECDIPWSN
Summary
Pipelines are a traditional way of transferring the water between the zones on the city plan. Thrust forces could cause the elbows to separate from the pipe or cause damage to the soil around them. A thrust block is typically used to provide resistance for thrust forces by transferring them to the soil in such a way that the resultant stress is less than the soil’s bearing strength. According to EPCOR (2021), prior to any acceptance of testing activities for concrete thrust blocks, the concrete must be cured for a minimum of 3 days in the case of high early strength concrete or 7 days in the case of normal/sulphate-resistant concrete. Based on the WSSC (2019), 1 ft is the minimum depth of filling over the thrust block Dipra (2016) stated that a standard Proctor density of at least 90% must be achieved between the bearing surface and the undisturbed soil
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