Comparative Study Evaluating the Effect of the Administration of Vitamin K2 versus Placebo on Vascular Calcification in Haemodialysis Patients

Abstract

Abstract Background Vitamin K deficiency serves as risk factor for vascular calcification in CKD patients. Vitamin K family includes phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and several menaquinones (vitamin K2). Until trials are designed to compare the effects of phylloquinone and menaquinone on CAC and other cardiovascular outcomes, it is not known if one form of vitamin K is superior to any other form of vitamin in terms of cardiovascular health. Objective To evaluate the effect of supplementation of vitamin K2 (menaquinone, MK-7) on circulating levels of calcification regulators and to assess their safety in patients on regular hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods The study was conducted on 84 ESRD patient on regular Hemodialysis recruited from Ain shams university Hospitals hemodialysis unit, their age ranged from 18 to 75 years This study was conducted from June 2020 to September 2020 in Hemodialysis Unit of Ain Shams University Hospitals, each participant signed informed consent. The study was approved by the Research Ethical Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University in April 2020. Patients were equally divided into two groups: Vitamin K2 group: 42 patients will receive 90 ug per day orally in addition to their standard treatment for 3 months period. Placebo group: 42 patients will receive placebo orally in addition to their standard treatment for 3 months period. Results In our study there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups according to their risk factors regarding smoking, HTN, HCV, DM, and ISHD. In this work only 22.5 % of patients were diabetic in 1st group and 35% were diabetic in placebo group, but their diabetes was well controlled and there was no significant difference between groups regarding incidence of There was no significant difference between groups regarding vascular access (AVF, Permicath) and duration of dialysis this study did not find a significant difference in blood pressure, BMI, serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, hemoglobin%, PTH, between group I and group II at the start of the study and after 3 months. Conclusion The study are that it is a pilot study with a small sample size, no funding was present., also carotid duplex was not done so effect of vitamin k2 administration and rise in serum MGP level on vessels calcification and atherosclerotic changes couldn’t be assessed.