Abstract
In this work, the Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/lead oxide and the Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/lead nitrate composites were prepared as gamma-radiation shielding materials. The investigated materials were prepared with three different weight percentage of lead oxide and lead nitrate (30, 50 and 70 wt%). The mass attenuation coefficients (μm) for all composite samples were measured experimentally at 511 and 661.6 keV photon energies. The measurements were made by performing transmission experiments with a 3'' × 3'' NaI (Tl) scintillation detector, which had an energy resolution of 7% at 0.662 MeV for the gamma-rays from the decay of 137Cs. The effective atomic numbers (Zeff) and the effective electron densities (Neff) were determined experimentally. Also they were determined theoretically using the obtained μm values for the studied composites samples by WinXCom program. The obtained results show that the experimental values of the composites are found to be in a good agreement with the theoretical values. It is recognized that the mass attenuation coefficient (μm), effective atomic numbers (Zeff) and the effective electron densities (Neff) are increased in the composite samples which contain lead oxides than which contain lead nitrates. Finally, the Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/lead oxide is better than Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/lead nitrate polymer as gamma radiation shielding.
Highlights
With the extensive use of gamma-active isotopes in medicine, industry and agriculture, the study of absorptionHow to cite this paper: Madbouly, A.M. and Atta, E.R. (2016) Comparative Study between Lead Oxide and Lead Nitrate Polymer as Gamma-Radiation Shielding Materials
The total cross sections σɑ and electronic cross sections σel have been calculated with respect to the experimental and calculated mass attenuation coefficients at energy 511 KeV and 662 KeV; the results given in the Figure 3 and Figure 4
The values of total cross sections σa and electronic cross sections σel for composite material contains lead oxide are more than composite material contains lead nitrate because the composite material contains lead oxide had a great contribution in various interaction with gamma-ray than composite material contains lead nitrate due to the weight fraction of Pb element is more in lead oxide than lead nitrate at the same weight. i.e the number of lead atoms in composite material contains lead oxide is more than in composite material contains lead nitrate
Summary
With the extensive use of gamma-active isotopes in medicine, industry and agriculture, the study of absorptionHow to cite this paper: Madbouly, A.M. and Atta, E.R. (2016) Comparative Study between Lead Oxide and Lead Nitrate Polymer as Gamma-Radiation Shielding Materials. The main purpose of a gamma ray shield is to protect the operating personnel from injury which may be caused by receiving a dangerous dose of radiation [1]. Berger and Hubbell developed the theoretical tables and computer program (XCOM) for calculating attenuation coefficients for elements, compounds and mixtures for photon energies from 1 keV to 100 GeV [2]. This well-known and much used program was transformed to the Windows platform by Gerward et al 2004 [3] and the Windows version is being called WinXCom
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