Comparative study based on techno-economics analysis of different shipboard microgrid systems comprising PV/wind/fuel cell/battery/diesel generator with two battery technologies: A step toward green maritime transportation

Abstract

Exploring new energy sources for maritime transportation is crucial to address the growing energy crisis and environmental pollution. Full electrified ships have the potential to bring significant economic and environmental benefits. This paper investigates the techno-economics performance such as economic, technical, and emission analyses of three different hybrid systems namely PV/wind/battery (Case I), PV/Wind/battery/Diesel generator (Case II), and PV/Wind/Fuel Cell/battery (Case III) with two different battery technologies (lead acid battery (LAB) and lithium-ion battery (LIB) technologies) for the shipboard microgrid system using HOMER Pro. A load profile of the passenger vessel "FCS Alsterwasser" was considered. Results of the economic analysis from the lead acid batteries combination revealed that Case II emerged as the most cost-effective option, with a net present cost (NPC) of $1.17 million and a levelized electricity (LCOE) cost of $0.295/kWh, while the lithium-ion battery system, Case I proved to be a most economically favorable option, demonstrated the lowest NPC at $1.12 million for and an LCOE of $0.284/kWh. On the contrary, Case I with the LAB system had the highest power production, generating 1,182,870 kWh/yr, and Case III with the LIB system produced the highest power production of 1,368,944 kWh/yr as evident from technical analysis. The emission analysis showed that Case II with the LAB system had higher emissions compared to Case III with the LIB system. The LIB system achieved higher power production and lower emissions than the LAB system. The research study is a step toward sustainable and environmentally friendly energy solutions in maritime transportation.