Abstract
Purpose: To compare the toxicological, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of three sources of Xuedan, viz, Hemsleya omeiensis (HO), Hemsleya giganth (HG) and Hemsleya dolichocarpa (HD) in mice, and to study their rapid identification based on electronic tongue (E-tongue). Methods: After 7 days of administration, the median lethal doses (LD 50 ) of the three xuedan decoctions in mice were determined. In addition, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the three xuedans were evaluated in mice using xylene-induced ear edema and acetic acid-induced pain. Furthermore, Etongue technology was used to identify HO, HG and HD. Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA) were used to analyze the data acquired by E-tongue. Results: The median lethal dose (LD 50 ) values of H. omeiensis , H. gigantha and H. dolichocarpa were 32.3, 17.4 and 13.7g/kg, respectively. Compared with normal control group, the anti-inflammatory effects of Xuedan were obvious in xylene-induced ear edema ( p < 0.05), and pain sensation was significantly inhibited in acetic acid-induced writhing test ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, E-tongue technology effectively identified HO, HG and HD. Conclusion: H. omeiensis exhibits the highest LD50 value and best analgesic effect among the three sources of xuedan. E-tongue technology is effective and rapid in identifying HO, HG and HD. Keywords: Xuedan, Hemsleya omeiensis , Hemsleya gigantha , Hemsleya dolichocarpa , Antiinflammation, Analgesia, Electronic tongue
Highlights
Xuedan is derived from Hemsleya (Cucurbitaceae) which is distributed in subtropical and temperate regions of Asia, especially in China [1]
The results showed that the LD100 and lethal dose-0 (LD0) values for H. omeiensis were 48 and 24 g/kg, respectively; and LD100 and LD0 values for H. gigantha and H. dolichocarpa were 24 and 6 g/kg, respectively
All samples showed moderate toxicity, but the H. omeiensis showed the lowest toxicity in mice, when compared to the other two sources of xuedan (32.3 g/kg vs. 17.4 and 13.7 g/kg)
Summary
Xuedan is derived from Hemsleya (Cucurbitaceae) which is distributed in subtropical and temperate regions of Asia, especially in China [1]. The results showed that the LD100 and LD0 values for H. omeiensis were 48 and 24 g/kg, respectively; and LD100 and LD0 values for H. gigantha and H. dolichocarpa were 24 and 6 g/kg, respectively Based on these results, mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8) for the testing of Xuedan samples. The test samples were administered orally at a dose of 0.6 g/kg (equivalent to daily human adult dose) for 7 continuous days. The mice in each group were orally administered corresponding test samples at a dose of 0.6 g/kg/day (equivalent to the daily adult human dose) continuously for 7 days. The number of writhes (Nw) (abdominal contraction and extension of hind limbs) within 15 min after acetic acid injection in each group of mice was recorded, and the percentage inhibition (Pi) was calculated as in Eq 3 [8]. Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA) were used for discrimination analysis of the samples
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