Abstract
Problem statement: Power consumption was one of the most challenging aspects to design low power wireless sensor nodes. The objectives of the study were to (i) Design low voltage, low power transmitters for wireless sensor nodes and (ii) Compare and analyze the performance of the transmitters. Approach: The transmitters employed direct digital modulation scheme to reduce the power consumption of the sensor nodes. Emphasis was placed on observing device reliability constraints at low power to maximize the life time of the wireless sensor nodes. Results: The Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) transmitter consumed a power of 400.104 μw from the 1.2 V supply. The Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) and Phase Shift Keying (PSK) transmitters consumed 520 μw and 5.2 mw respectively at 2.4 GHz. The transmitters suitable for low voltage, low power wireless sensor nodes were designed and implemented in 120 nm CMOS technology Conclusion: The performances of the ASK, FSK and PSK transmitters were analyzed and were compared with the previously reported low power approaches operated in similar frequency ranges.
Highlights
The emerging field of wireless sensor networks offers a rich, multi-disciplinary area of research, in which a variety of tools and concepts can be employed to address a diverse set of applications
One of the major challenges in constructing such networks is to maintain long network lifetime. To achieve this goal low power research is concentrated in the wireless sensor networks
The dynamic power is proportional to Vdd2 and static power is proportional to Vdd, lowering the supply voltage is one of the most effective ways to reduce power dissipation in CMOS circuits
Summary
One of the major challenges in constructing such networks is to maintain long network lifetime. To achieve this goal low power research is concentrated in the wireless sensor networks. One part is due to RF signal generation which is mainly due to modulation and the other part is due to the electronic components needed for frequency synthesis, frequency conversions, power amplifiers, filters and so on. These costs are basically constant[2]
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