Abstract
Rice bran oil (RBO) comprises various nutrients and phytochemicals which exhibit several health benefits. There are no studies regarding the functional effects of different colours of RBO. This study was aimed to compare the constituents and antioxidant activities of white rice bran oil (WRBO) and coloured rice bran oil (CRBO). Each RBO showed similar free fatty acid profiles. However, greater amounts of vitamin E, phytosterols, carotenoids, and chlorophylls were found in CRBO, which had lower γ-oryzanol content than WRBO. Oxidative stress was induced in male mice by an overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) at 300 mg/kg body weight. The mice were then fed with RBO at the equivalent dose to 100 mg/kg body weight of γ-oryzanol three hours later and sacrificed six hours after APAP treatment. The administration of 100 mg γ-oryzanol equivalent in CRBO ameliorated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice more strongly than 100 mg γ-oryzanol equivalent in WRBO, as evidenced by the significant reduction of serum ALT, hepatocellular necrosis, and hepatic lipid peroxidation. CRBO could improve xenobiotic-metabolizing and antioxidant enzyme activities, including glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, and also increase mRNA expression of various antioxidant-responsive genes. Vitamin E, phytosterols, carotenoids, and chlorophyll might be the protective compounds in CRBO that alleviate APAP-induced hepatotoxicity through the interruption of APAP metabolism and the activation of antioxidant systems at both transcriptional and enzymatic levels. These findings might provide a protective role of CRBO on oxidative stress associated with several degenerative diseases.
Highlights
Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the accumulation of free radicals and their elimination by antioxidant systems and causes damage to biomolecules such as lipids, DNA, and proteins [1]
We compared the main components in white rice bran oil (WRBO) and coloured rice bran oil (CRBO)
The results showed that a significantly increased MDA level in the livers of antioxidant properties using acetaminophen (APAP)-treated mice was decreased by administration of CRBO or NAC, indicating their properties to inhibit lipid peroxidation
Summary
Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the accumulation of free radicals and their elimination by antioxidant systems and causes damage to biomolecules such as lipids, DNA, and proteins [1]. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides in the reaction with reduced glutathione (GSH) to form oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Nonenzymatic antioxidants including bilirubin, vitamin E, β-carotene, albumin, and uric acid are molecules that interact with free radicals and terminate the chain reactions [5]. They prevent lipid peroxidation of cell membranes such as vitamin C, vitamin E, phenolic compounds, acetylcysteine, and oil lecithin and so suppress pathological conditions [6]. Prevention strategies, the consumption of dietary antioxidants in daily life, are recommended to reduce oxidative stress and its potential impact on disease
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