Abstract
To compare efficacy of different extracts from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. with both immune inflammation and joint destruction in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. Rats were divided into normal group (Nor), control group (CIA), TG group (treated with tripterygium glycoside), E70 group (treated with 70% ethanol extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.), EA group (treated with ethyl acetate fraction from E70), and EN group (treated with n-butyl alcohol fraction from E70). All extracts from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. could significantly inhibit ankle swelling, pathological manifestations, and cytokine levels in serum and spleen, by using foot volume measurement, H&E staining, ELISA, and RT-QPCR methods, respectively. All extracts could significantly inhibit rough joint surface and marginal osteophytes, improve RANKL/OPG ratio, and decrease MMP-9 expression, by using micro-CT and immunohistochemical staining. The activation of IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway was also inhibited by all extracts. In addition, ethyl acetate fraction from E70 presented better effect on RANKL/OPG system. This study identified effective extracts from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. relieving immune inflammation and maintaining structural integrity of joints in CIA rats.
Highlights
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory, and erosive autoimmune disease, of which pathological manifestations mainly include synovial inflammation and bone destruction [1]
RA has higher disability rate associated with bone loss, permanent joint damage, and eventually deformity without timely and reasonable therapy [2]
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. has been used in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a long history of two thousand years, which was documented in the oldest materia medica book, “Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic”
Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory, and erosive autoimmune disease, of which pathological manifestations mainly include synovial inflammation and bone destruction [1]. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has good curative efficacy and safety for long-term therapy with few side effects; TCM is worth further exploration for treating RA [4]. Has been used in TCM with a long history of two thousand years, which was documented in the oldest materia medica book, “Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic”. It has good safety and can be processed into healthcare food certified by China’s Ministry of Health. Toxicological studies [5, 6] reported that Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.
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