Abstract
In this present work, an electrochemical sensor was developed for the sensing of uric acid (UA). The sensor was based on a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with electroactive polyimide (EPI) synthesized using aniline tetramer (ACAT) decorated with reduced nanoparticles (NPs) of Au, Pt, and Ag. The initial step involved the preparation and characterization of ACAT. Subsequently, the ACAT-based EPI synthesis was performed by chemical imidization of its precursors 4,4′-(4.4′-isopropylidene-diphenoxy) bis (phthalic anhydride) BPADA and ACAT. Then, EPI was doped with distinctive particles of Ag, Pt and Au, and the doped EPIs were abbreviated as EPIS, EPIP and EPIG, respectively. Their structures were characterized by XRD, XPS, and TEM, and the electrochemical properties were determined by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Among these evaluated sensors, EPI with Au NPs turned out the best with a sensitivity of 1.53 uA uM−1 UA, a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.78 uM, and a linear detection range (LDR) of 5–50 uM UA at a low potential value of 310 mV. Additionally, differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) analysis showed that the EPIG sensor showed the best selectivity for a tertiary mixture of UA, dopamine (DA), and ascorbic acid (AA) as compared to EPIP and EPIS.
Highlights
Uric acid (UA) in the human body stems from purine metabolism and is an important marker for illness [1]
An abnormal concentration of UA in body fluids could be a symptom of a disease like Lesch–Nyhan syndrome [3], toxemia of pregnancy [4], or hyperuricemia [5], and along with cardiovascular diseases it may affect the circulatory system [6]
The results showed that nitrogen doping exhibited better electrochemical performance due to the more efficient anchoring of Au NPs on the N-doped areas of the graphene structure [20]
Summary
Uric acid (UA) in the human body stems from purine metabolism and is an important marker for illness [1]. Conducting polymers have various properties, including electrochemical activity, electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and environmental stability, which are highly desirable for the advancement of sensing performance in analytical or bioanalytical system They can be doped by electrochemical techniques [18]. PANI doped with noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) enhances the electron transfer and improves the conductivity and stability It is used in electrochemical sensing [22,23,24] as it provides rapid and accurate sensing [25]. To the best of our knowledge, OAEPs are generally use for electrochemical sensing of ascorbic acid [55,56] but are seldom mentioned for UA sensing With this information in hand, we constructed an electrochemical sensor for UA sensing based upon an oligoaniline derived electroactive polyimide (EPI). Polymers 2021, 13, 252 studies, such as electroanalytical, kinetic, sensitivity, selectivity, and differential-pulse voltammetry
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