Abstract
The aim of study was to gain a deeper knowledge about local and systemic changes in photosynthetic processes and sugar production of pepper infected by Obuda pepper virus (ObPV) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). PSII efficiency, reflectance, and gas exchange were measured 48 and/or 72 h after inoculation (hpi). Sugar accumulation was checked 72 hpi and 20 d after inoculation (as a systemic response). Inoculation of leaves with ObPV led to appearance of hypersensitive necrotic lesions (incompatible interaction), while PMMoV caused no visible symptoms (compatible interaction). ObPV (but not PMMoV) lowered Fv/Fm (from 0.827 to 0.148 at 72 hpi). Net photosynthesis decreased in ObPV-infected leaves. In ObPV-inoculated leaves, the accumulation of glucose, fructose, and glucose-6-phosphate was accompanied with lowered sucrose, maltoheptose, nystose, and trehalose contents. PMMoV inoculation increased the contents of glucose, maltose, and raffinose in the inoculated leaves, while glucose-6-phosphate accummulated in upper leaves.
Highlights
Peppers (Capsicum spp.) are very important vegetables worldwide
Obuda pepper virus (ObPV), which belongs to the genus Tobamovirus, can not break the L3 gene-mediated resistance, and this virus elicits a wide array of defense mechanisms including the hypersensitive response (HR) accompanied by cell death and the development of necrotic lesions
Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) inoculation resulted in slight systemic chlorotic symptoms on the upper leaves between 14 and 20 dpi
Summary
The number of virus species infecting pepper crops and their incidences has increased considerably over the past 30 years. Tobamovirus, as an important genus of pepper viruses, are mechanically distributed and occur practically all over the word. Several viruses belonging to the genus Tobamovirus are major pathogens for pepper plants. Resistance conferred by the L3 gene is very efficient against most Tobamoviruses except for some closely related PMMoV isolates, which are able to overcome this type of resistance and cause systemic infection with mild mottle symptoms on leaves and spreading of the virus into the whole plant (Tóbiás et al 1989, Velasco et al 2002). ObPV, which belongs to the genus Tobamovirus, can not break the L3 gene-mediated resistance, and this virus elicits a wide array of defense mechanisms including the hypersensitive response (HR) accompanied by cell death and the development of necrotic lesions
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