Abstract
In order to gain a quantitative comparison among the various mechanical properties of ice, a series of tests was performed on fresh water ice in which several of the mechanical properties were tested under identical experimental conditions. In particular, the tests were standardized with respect to ice growth conditions, ice type, grain size and orientation, sample size, test temperature and strain rate. The average results of the test were: flexural strength − cantilever beam = 770 ± 150 kPa; flexural strength − simple beam (top tension) = 2200 ± 320 kPa; flexural strength − simple beam (bottom tension) = 1770 ± 190 kPa; fracture toughness = 83 ± 7 kPa m 1 2 ; shear strength = 500 ± 220 kPa; compressive strength (horizontal loading) = 4400 ± 700 kPa and strain modulus − cantilever beam = 1.6 ± 0.4 GPa. Since most of the tests were performed using a portable compression test machine, the strength values can serve as baseline values for comparison with field results.
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