Comparative Secretomics Analysis Reveals the Major Components of Penicillium oxalicum 16 and Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30.

Kexin Wang,Nian Zhang,Xihua Zhao,Robin Pearce,Shi Yi

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9102042

Kexin Wang, Nian Zhang + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102042

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Abstract

In this study, the major secretome components of Penicillium oxalicum 16 and Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 under wheat bran (WB) and rice straw (RS) solid-state fermentation were systematically analyzed. The activities of the major components, e.g., cellulase, hemicellulase, and amylase, were consistent with their abundance in the secretomes. P. oxalicum 16 secreted more abundant glycoside hydrolases than T. reesei RUT-C30. The main up-regulated proteins from the induction of WB, compared with that from RS, were amylase, pectinase, and protease, whereas the main down-regulated enzymes were cellulase, hemicellulase, swollenin, and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO). Specifically, WB induced more β-1,4-glucosidases, namely, S8B0F3 (UniProt ID), and A0A024RWA5 than RS, but RS induced more β-1,4-exoglucanases and β-1,4-endoglucanases, namely, A0A024RXP8, A024SH76, S7B6D6, S7ZP52, A024SH20, A024S2H5, S8BGM3, S7ZX22, and S8AIJ2. The P. oxalicum 16 xylanases S8AH74 and S7ZA57 were the major components responsible for degrading soluble xylan, and S8BDN2 probably acted on solid-state hemicellulose instead of soluble xylan. The main hemicellulase component of T. reesei RUT-C30 in RS was the xyloglucanase A0A024S9Z6 with an abundance of 16%, but T. reesei RUT-C30 lacked the hemicellulase mannanase and had a small amount of the hemicellulase xylanase. P. oxalicum 16 produced more amylase than T. reesei RUT-C30, and the results suggest amylase S7Z6T2 may degrade soluble starch. The percentage of the glucoamylase S8B6D7 did not significantly change, and reached an average abundance of 5.5%. The major auxiliary degradation enzymes of P. oxalicum 16 were LPMOs S7Z716 and S7ZPW1, whereas those of T. reesei RUT-C30 were swollenin and LPMOs A0A024SM10, A0A024SFJ2, and A0A024RZP7.

Highlights

Carbohydrates are the most widely distributed, abundant renewable biomass resource on Earth [1,2]
We found that wheat bran (WB) and rice straw (RS) compositions are very different: WB is made of 36% cellulose, 28% hemicellulose, 8% lignin, 5% ash, 12% starch, and 11% other components, including pectin and protein, and RS comprises about 30% cellulose, 25%
Various Glycoside Hydrolases (GHs) of P. oxalicum 16 cultured in the WB solid-state medium (16WB), P. oxalicum

Summary

Introduction

Carbohydrates are the most widely distributed, abundant renewable biomass resource on Earth [1,2]. Improper treatment such as in situ incineration of large amounts of idle carbohydrates causes environmental pollution and resource waste [2]. It is of great value to transform superfluous carbohydrates into useful biofuels and chemicals [6]. The most abundant carbohydrates include cellulose, which constitutes 40–60% of the total biomass on Earth [7], hemicellulose which accounts for 20–35% of the renewable resources [8], and the widely distributed starch. The corresponding enzymes that hydrolyze these three abundant carbohydrates are cellulase, hemicellulase, and amylase, respectively. Cellulase is further classified into three classes, i.e., β-1,4-endoglucanases

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