Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is an important traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this study, two S. miltiorrhiza genotypes (BH18 and ZH23) with different phenolic acid concentrations were used for de novo RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 170,787 transcripts and 56,216 unigenes were obtained. There were 670 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified between BH18 and ZH23, 250 of which were upregulated in ZH23, with genes involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway being the most upregulated genes. Nine genes involved in the lignin biosynthesis pathway were upregulated in BH18 and thus result in higher lignin content in BH18. However, expression profiles of most genes involved in the core common upstream phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were higher in ZH23 than that in BH18. These results indicated that genes involved in the core common upstream phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway might play an important role in downstream secondary metabolism and demonstrated that lignin biosynthesis was a putative partially competing pathway with phenolic acid biosynthesis. The results of this study expanded our understanding of the regulation of phenolic acid biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza.
Highlights
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with multiple clinical and pharmacological effects associated with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and hyperlipidemial diseases [1]
The phenolic acid concentrations of ZH23 and BH18 roots at the harvest stage were determined via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (Figure 2)
Seven common peaks of phenolic acid components were obtained in both lines, in which two peaks were identified as salvianolic acid B (Sal B) and rosmarinic acid (RA) according to the consistency of retention time and spectra of the peaks (Figure 2)
Summary
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with multiple clinical and pharmacological effects associated with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and hyperlipidemial diseases [1]. The major bioactive components of S. miltiorrhiza are diterpenoids, flavonoids, sterols, and water-soluble phenolic acids [3]. The water-soluble phenolic acids in S. miltiorrhiza primarily contain salvianolic acid B (Sal B), rosmarinic acid (RA), caffeic acid, Danshensu, 4-coumaric acid, and tcinnamic acid. Sal B is prevalent in water-soluble extracts and exhibits abundant cardioprotective effects. Sal B is used as a chemical marker of S. miltiorrhiza roots and acts as a phytomedicine. The current Chinese Pharmacopoeia requires the Sal B content in dry S. miltiorrhiza roots higher than 3.0% (CPA, 2015) [4]. The reason for these differences has not yet been investigated to date
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