Abstract
Equivalent circuit models are a hot research topic in the field of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles, and scholars have proposed a variety of equivalent circuit models, from simple to complex. On one hand, a simple model cannot simulate the dynamic characteristics of batteries; on the other hand, it is difficult to apply a complex model to a real-time system. At present, there are few systematic comparative studies on equivalent circuit models of lithium-ion batteries. The representative first-order resistor-capacitor (RC) model and second-order RC model commonly used in the literature are studied comparatively in this paper. Firstly, the parameters of the two models are identified experimentally; secondly, the simulation model is built in Matlab/Simulink environment, and finally the output precision of these two models is verified by the actual data. The results show that in the constant current condition, the maximum error of the first-order RC model is 1.65% and the maximum error for the second-order RC model is 1.22%. In urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) condition, the maximum error of the first-order RC model is 1.88%, and for the second-order RC model the maximum error is 1.69%. This is of great instructional significance to the application in practical battery management systems for the equivalent circuit model of lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles.
Highlights
Lithium-ion batteries have many advantages, such as high working voltage, small volume, light weight, long cycle life, environmental friendliness, weak memory effect, wide working temperature range, low self-discharge rate, and so on [1,2,3,4]
Lithium-ion batteries have reached a degree of implementation that enabled their use in stringent automotive applications; for example, the Nissan LEAF rolled off the assembly line in 2010 as well as the Tesla Roadster in 2008 [9]
The first-order RC model and the second-order RC model commonly used in the literature are studied comparatively in this paper because of their simplicity and relative accuracy
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries have many advantages, such as high working voltage, small volume, light weight, long cycle life, environmental friendliness, weak memory effect, wide working temperature range, low self-discharge rate, and so on [1,2,3,4]. With the continuous development and improvement of science and technology, the application range of lithium-ion batteries has further widened to the electric power, aerospace, military, and other critical fields [7,8]. Lithium-ion batteries have become core components of energy supply for many critical devices or systems, and are often critical to the reliability and functionality of the overall system [3,8]. The reliability of lithium-ion battery systems has yet to be improved. Lithium-ion batteries have reached a degree of implementation that enabled their use in stringent automotive applications; for example, the Nissan LEAF rolled off the assembly line in 2010 as well as the Tesla Roadster in 2008 [9].
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