Comparative proteomic analysis provides new insights into the specialization of shoots and stolons in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.)

Bing Zhang,Jibiao Fan,Jianxiu Liu

doi:10.1186/s12864-019-6077-3

Bing Zhang, Jibiao Fan + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-6077-3

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Abstract

BackgroundBermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) is an important turfgrass species with two types of stems, shoots and stolons. Despite their importance in determining the morphological variance and plasticity of bermudagrass, the intrinsic differences between stolons and shoots are poorly understood.ResultsIn this study, we compared the proteomes of internode sections of shoots and stolons in the bermudagrass cultivar Yangjiang. The results indicated that 376 protein species were differentially accumulated in the two types of stems. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that five and nine biochemical pathways were significantly enriched in stolons and shoots, respectively. Specifically, enzymes participating in starch synthesis all preferentially accumulated in stolons, whereas proteins involved in glycolysis and diverse transport processes showed relatively higher abundance in shoots. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and pyruvate kinase (PK), which catalyze rate-limiting steps of starch synthesis and glycolysis, showed high expression levels and enzyme activity in stolons and shoots, respectively, in accordance with the different starch and soluble sugar contents of the two types of stems.ConclusionsOur study revealed the differences between the shoots and stolons of bermudagrass at the proteome level. The results not only expand our understanding of the specialization of stolons and shoots but also provide clues for the breeding of bermudagrass and other turfgrasses with different plant architectures.

Highlights

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) is an important turfgrass species with two types of stems, shoots and stolons
The results indicated that five genes were preferentially expressed in shoots and the other five genes were highly expressed in stolons, which was in line with the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) quantification results (Fig. 3c; Additional file 1: Table S1)
Enzymes participating in starch synthesis, including ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), starch synthase (SS), 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme (GBE) and isoamylase (ISA), showed higher protein abundance in stolons (Fig. 5)

Summary

Introduction

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) is an important turfgrass species with two types of stems, shoots and stolons. Despite their importance in determining the morphological variance and plasticity of bermudagrass, the intrinsic differences between stolons and shoots are poorly understood. The aboveground plant body consists of a series of similar modules known as phytomers that are produced by the shoot apical meristems and axillary meristems [2]. Through complex growth and development, the superposition and repetition of phytomers forms the central part of the plant body, the stems, to transport. As an important warm-season turfgrass species, bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L., 2n = 4x = 36) is one of the most widely used turfgrasses in home lawns, public parks, golf courses and sport fields in warm regions of the world [6]. The shoots of bermudagrass produce leaves and position them in the

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