Abstract
Nitrogen deficient environments can promote wheat primary root growth (PRG) that allows for nitrogen uptake in deep soil. However, the mechanisms of low nitrogen-promoted root growth remain largely unknown. Here, an integrated comparative proteome study using iTRAQ analysis on the roots of two wheat varieties and their descendants with contrasting response to low nitrogen (LN) stress was performed under control (CK) and LN conditions. In total, 84 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) specifically involved in the process of LN-promoted PRG were identified and 11 pathways were significantly enriched. The Glutathione metabolism, endocytosis, lipid metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways may play crucial roles in the regulation of LN-promoted PRG. We also identified 59 DAPs involved in the common response to LN stress in different genetic backgrounds. The common responsive DAPs to LN stress were mainly involved in nitrogen uptake, transportation and remobilization, and LN stress tolerance. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the metabolic and molecular changes taking place in contrasting varieties under LN conditions, which provide useful information for the genetic improvement of root traits and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat.
Highlights
Nutrient deficiencies are major limiting factors for crop yield worldwide
This work identified 84 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) involved in the process of low nitrogen (LN)-promoted primary root growth (PRG) and 59 DAPs involved in the common response to LN stress in different genetic backgrounds
To minimize differences in genetic background, we selected 15 lines exhibiting enhanced PRG under LN conditions and another 15 lines exhibiting no obvious induction of PRG by LN stress from the recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population, together with their parents XY54 and J411, as materials for comparative proteomic analysis to identify candidate proteins and pathways involved in the regulatory network of the LNpromoted PRG process
Summary
Nutrient deficiencies are major limiting factors for crop yield worldwide. Plant roots have high plasticity under different environmental conditions (Linkohr et al, 2002; Hochholdinger and Tuberosa, 2009; Gruber et al, 2013; Lynch et al, 2014; Schmidt and Gaudin, 2017). In environments where nitrogen is limiting, the growth of primary and lateral roots is promoted, enabling them to reach the deeper soil layers. As nitrate is highly mobile and leached, the deeper soil layers may hold plentiful nitrogen supplies (Linkohr et al, 2002; Gruber et al, 2013; Lynch, 2013). The ability to develop a deep root system under conditions of
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