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Abstract
Zoysiagrass, the most cold-tolerant grass among the warm-season turfgrasses, is often used as a model species for isolating cellular components related to cold stress. To understand the proteomic responses to cold stress in zoysiagrass stolons, we extracted stolon proteins from Zoysia japonica , cv. Meyer (cold-tolerant) and Z . metrella , cv. Diamond (cold-sensitive), which were grown with or without cold treatment. Approximately 700 proteins were resolved on 2-DE gels, and 70 protein spots were differentially accumulated. We further observed that 45 of the identified proteins participate in 10 metabolic pathways and cellular processes. A significantly greater number of proteins accumulated in the Meyer than in the Diamond and 15 increased proteins were detected only in the Meyer cultivar under cold stress. Furthermore, we propose a cold stress-responsive protein network composed of several different functional components that exhibits a balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging, accelerated protein biosynthesis and proteolysis, reduced protein folding, enhanced photosynthesis, abundant energy supply and enhanced biosynthesis of carbohydrates and nucleotides. Generally, the cold-tolerant Meyer cultivar showed a greater ROS scavenging ability, more abundant energy supply and increased photosynthesis and protein synthesis than did the cold-sensitive Diamond cultivar, which may partly explain why Meyer is more cold tolerant.
Highlights
Low temperature is one of the most serious types of environmental stress and can reduce growth and cause rolling and withering of plant leaves
Microarray analyses have shown that cold alters the expression of myriad genes [3,4], whereas proteomic approaches have identified no more than 150 proteins related to cold tolerance in Arabidopsis and rice
Based on the 45 identified protein spots, we proposed a cold stress-responsive protein network, composed of several different functional components that exhibits a balance between reactive oxygen species production and scavenging, accelerated protein biosynthesis and proteolysis, enhanced photosynthesis, abundant energy supply and enhanced biosynthesis of carbohydrates
Summary
Low temperature is one of the most serious types of environmental stress and can reduce growth and cause rolling and withering of plant leaves. It is important for plant biologists to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the plant response to low temperature [1]. Plants usually present several strategies, including gene regulation, to defend against cold stress. Many studies have focused on gene expression profiles during cold stress, because coldresponsive proteins are likely to be involved in cold tolerance [2]. With the advent of proteomics, gene expression during cold stress and acclimation has been studied via both transcriptomic and proteomic strategies. Microarray analyses have shown that cold alters the expression of myriad genes [3,4], whereas proteomic approaches have identified no more than 150 proteins related to cold tolerance in Arabidopsis and rice [5,6,7,8]
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